General inquiries regarding the 2001 Ontario Economic Outlook and Fiscal Review should be directed to:
Ministry of Finance
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Toronto, Ontario M7A 1Z1
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© Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2001
ISSN 1496-2829
Ce document est disponible en français sous le titre :
Perspectives économiques et revue financière de l'Ontario de 2001
2002 Ontario Economic Outlook and Fiscal Review
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- A: Ontario's Economic Performance
- B: Ontario's Economic Outlook
- C: Ontario's Fiscal Plan
- D: Policies for a Sound Economy
- Economic Data Tables
Introduction
A strong economic foundation is helping Ontario weather the current downturn in the world economy. The prospects for a return to healthy and sustainable economic growth remain solid.
Worldwide economic growth slowed considerably in the first half of 2001. The resurgence expected for the North American economy in the second half of the year was set back by the terrorist attacks of September 11.
These global forces have had an impact on Ontario. Our economy is expected to grow but at a slower rate than forecast in the 2001 Budget. On average, private-sector forecasters now expect growth of 1.1 per cent for Ontario this year and 1.3 per cent in 2002. For 2003, private-sector forecasters expect growth to accelerate to a strong pace of 4.3 per cent.
While the current economic environment is difficult, over the past six years the government has put in place policies that will help to bring a rapid resumption of strong economic growth. Cutting taxes, balancing the budget, renewing infrastructure, investing in education, removing barriers to growth, and strengthening incentives to work, invest and innovate: all of these measures are reinforcing the foundation for a healthy economy and a rising standard of living.
Since 1995, strong leadership and effective management have returned the Province to a sound financial footing. Ontario now has more fiscal flexibility to face the challenge of a period of slower economic growth. The government balanced its budget for two consecutive years in 1999-2000 and 2000-01, the first time the Province has had back-to-back surpluses in more than half a century. Last year the Province paid down its debt by $3.1 billion, the largest repayment of debt in its history. Ontario is on track to record a third balanced budget in the current fiscal year.
The first section of this document discusses the performance and status of Ontario's economy. The second section discusses Ontario's economic outlook. The third section updates the Province's fiscal outlook. The final section reviews the policy framework that has contributed to Ontario's strong economic and fiscal outlook. A statistical appendix is also included.
A: Ontario's Economic Performance
Over the last six years, the government has worked to establish a solid basis for economic growth and a high standard of living by:
- cutting taxes to create an economic environment that rewards hard work and
entrepreneurship;
- investing in infrastructure, innovation and education to enhance Ontario's
attractiveness for investment and job creation;
- eliminating unnecessary red tape to support business expansion; and
- implementing a sound fiscal framework through balanced budgets, responsible
spending and debt reduction.
These policies have helped to make Ontario a growth leader since 1995. Vigorous and balanced economic growth since 1996 allows Ontario to face the current slowdown from a position of strength.
- Ontario's strong productivity growth provides the basis for rising living standards.
- Ontario's diversified and innovative economy provides a healthy base even as key
sectors face serious challenges.
- Ontario's strong job creation record since 1995 provides confidence that the province's
economic future will be equally bright. Men, women and youth have benefited, and
employment has increased in all regions of the province.
- Ontario's businesses and talented, well-educated labour force have been competing
successfully in world markets and Ontario will benefit as those markets grow strongly
in the medium term.
| SAFETY AND PROSPERITY |
|---|
"We will continue taking the strong action necessary to keep Ontario safe and prosperous. The people of Ontario expect their government to do everything possible to protect their families and ensure that our economy grows and creates jobs–we will meet their expectations." Premier Mike Harris, 2001 "By working together with our colleagues in Ontario, we will overcome the tragedy and continue to create more jobs and opportunities on both sides of the border. Our close ties and strong economic links, along with the courageous and resilient spirit of our people, will prevail over this cowardly act of hatred." New York Governor George Pataki, 2001 As a result of the strong growth and prudent fiscal planning since 1995, Ontario is better positioned than ever before to manage the economic impact of events such as the attacks of September 11. Following these tragic events, the government is taking further steps to protect Ontario's people and economy by:
To protect Ontario's trade and economic growth potential, the government called for the harmonization of rules and customs procedures with the United States and the creation of a common North American security perimeter. |
Ontario Leads Economic Growth
Ontario's record of strong and broadly based economic growth positions the province to successfully face the current economic challenge. Ontario's real GDP grew by 26 per cent, an average of 4.7 per cent per year, over the 1996-2000 period. This was a dramatic turnaround from the slow growth of the early 1990s. Over this period, Ontario's growth was much stronger than that of any G-7 nation and was also the fastest-growing provincial economy in Canada.
- Strong domestic demand, supported by tax cuts and job creation, has been the main
engine of economic growth. Consumer spending, accounting for 43.6 per cent of Ontario
growth, and business investment, accounting for 22.9 per cent of growth, have played
the leading roles.
- Ontario's international and interprovincial trade performance has also been
impressive. Both imports and exports have grown strongly over the last five years.
Exports have increased by 43.6 per cent, while imports have grown by 42.3 per cent.
Ontario's competitive export industries are well positioned to benefit from future
growth in global demand.
Productivity Growth: Ontario Goes from Worst to First
Rising productivity is the only enduring way to achieve an improving standard of living. The broadest measure of an economy's productivity is the growth in real GDP per person. Since 1996, Ontario's growth has exceeded that of the rest of Canada, the United States, and the average of the industrialized countries. This is thanks to both strong job creation and rapid growth in output per worker.
- International economic studies show that cutting taxes on personal and business
income leads to significant increases in long-run productivity growth.
- Cutting income taxes invigorates an economy. It gives both entrepreneurs and
employees the incentive to try harder to achieve success and earn higher incomes
because they will be able to keep a larger part of what they earn. Lowering business
taxes also leads to increased investment, higher productivity and higher incomes for
Ontario workers.
- Productivity gains result from investment in equipment, technology and knowledge;
from innovation that creates new products and new ways of working; and from agile
industry that continually seeks the best opportunities. These are the hallmarks of
Ontario's economy.
A Foundation of Strong and Broadly Based Job Creation
Since September 1995, the Ontario economy has generated 824,200 net new jobs. The combination of effective policies and global economic growth led to record job creation of 558,700 for the province in the three years from 1998 to 2000. In response to a significant global slowdown, Ontario job creation has moderated to 106,300 in the first 10 months of 2001, compared to the same period a year ago.
Job prospects have improved right across the economy. Men, women and youth have all benefited, and employment has increased in all regions of the province.
- Between 1998 and 2000, Ontario youth gained 113,200 net new jobs, more than in any
other three-year period on record. The youth unemployment rate fell substantially,
from 16.4 per cent in 1997 to 11.8 per cent in 2000. Despite the recent slowdown in the
economy, youth continued to see positive job growth in the first 10 months of 2001, up
by 6,700 from the same period a year ago.
- Since September 1995, employment increased in all five of Ontario's regional
economies: 472,400 net new jobs in the Greater Toronto Area; 182,900 in
Central Ontario; 102,800 in Eastern Ontario; 75,100 in Southwestern Ontario;
and 5,000 in Northern Ontario (regional figures are seasonally adjusted, three-month
moving averages).
Diversified and Resilient Economy
Ontario's diversified industrial base produces a wide range of goods and services for both domestic and foreign markets. The province's positive economic climate provides a foundation of underlying strength and competitiveness for business in Ontario.
- Low interest rates and tax cuts are helping to sustain domestic spending and
production, despite the setback that industries such as telecommunication equipment
have experienced. Consumer-oriented industries, such as retailing and construction,
have been a major source of job growth since 1995.
- Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) remain confident about Ontario's
economic outlook. They are benefiting greatly from Ontario's tax cuts, its pro-growth
business climate and the increase in domestic spending. SMEs have accounted for more
than half of Ontario's job creation since 1995.
- Through good times and bad, Ontario's manufacturing sector has continued to
demonstrate its competitive edge. Since 1995, Ontario has outperformed all other
jurisdictions in Canada and the United States in manufacturing job creation,
with widespread gains in the automotive, electrical products, furniture and
pharmaceutical industries.
Highly Educated Workforce Provides a Strong Skills Base
A skilled workforce is critical to Ontario's economic success in a constantly changing global environment.
Ontario has the highest share in the OECD of adults with completed post-secondary education, at 52 per cent. Post-secondary education includes university and college credentials, and college-based apprenticeship and training.
In university credentials alone, Ontario ranks third, behind the United States and Norway. Canada ranks fifth. In college education, apprenticeship and other training credentials, Canada and Ontario rank at the top.
- The skills acquired by Ontario university and college graduates are being applied in the
workplace. Surveys of Ontario graduates have found that six months after graduation
in 1998, three-quarters of university and college graduates considered their work to be
related to their program of study.
Welfare Decline Means More Self-Reliant Population
Welfare reforms have encouraged self-reliance by breaking through barriers that fostered dependence. A spirit of independence is important for promoting opportunities and economic growth.
Ontario Works, the Province's mandatory work-for-welfare program, gives participants the chance to upgrade their education, get job training and gain valuable work experience. At the same time, the welfare system remains a safety net for those who truly need it.
- Welfare reforms, along with strong job growth, have driven Ontario's success in
lowering welfare dependence every year since June 1995. The welfare rolls are now
lower by more than 600,000 people, both adults and children.
- This success in lowering the welfare caseload since 1995 is in sharp contrast to the
experience in the 1980s when it grew even as the economic boom generated jobs and
reduced unemployment.
Balancing the Budget
Disciplined fiscal policy resulting in balanced budgets and debt repayment means that Ontario can confront the fiscal impact of slower economic growth in 2001 from a position of strength and flexibility.
The government's November 1995 Fiscal and Economic Statement set out a Balanced Budget Plan of declining annual deficit targets, culminating in a balanced budget in 2000-01.
- The government has overachieved its deficit and debt reduction targets in each of the
past six years.
- Ontario achieved a $668 million surplus in 1999-2000, and a $3.3 billion surplus in
2000-01. Ontario remains on track to balance the budget in 2001-02.
- Net Provincial Debt was reduced by a record $3.1 billion in 2000-01, following a
reduction of $1 billion in 1999-2000.
- Passage in 1999 of the Taxpayer Protection Act and Balanced Budget Act will help
ensure that future fiscal responsibility is maintained.
Section C reports on Ontario's fiscal performance in the current year, 2001-02.
B: Ontario's Economic Outlook
Ontario's economy is experiencing a slowdown, reflecting weaker global growth and the negative impact of the terrorist attacks on the United States. Sound economic policies will help Ontario through these difficult circumstances and provide a solid foundation for renewed healthy economic growth.
As in previous years, the fall economic outlook reports on the average of private-sector forecasts for the Ontario economy. These provide a good framework for our Budget consultations and planning. Ontario will present its prudent set of planning assumptions when a budget is introduced next spring.
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001p | 2002p | 2003p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real GDP Growth (per cent) | 7.4 | 5.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 4.3 |
| Unemployment Rate (per cent) | 6.3 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 6.6 |
| CPI Inflation (per cent) | 1.9 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
p= private-sector survey average.
Sources: Statistics Canada, Ontario Ministry of Finance and Ontario Finance Survey of Forecasts
(November 2001).
- Private-sector economists expect economic growth to be moderate this year and next,
with real GDP rising by 1.1 per cent in 2001 and 1.3 per cent in 2002.
- Forecasters expect economic growth to climb to 4.3 per cent in 2003. A sharp reduction
in interest rates, combined with cuts to personal and corporate income taxes and sound
fiscal management, create a climate conducive to stronger growth.
Economic Growth to Rebound
Most private-sector forecasters expect growth to rebound strongly. A number of factors are expected to boost growth by mid-2002.
- Low interest rates will reduce operating costs for business and encourage spending on
consumer durables and home construction.
- Tax cuts at the provincial and federal level will increase household take-home pay.
- U.S. economic growth is expected to strengthen, reflecting the stimulus from tax cuts
and increased defence and security spending.
- A fall in oil and natural gas prices will free up household disposable income for other
purposes and reduce business costs.
Near-Record Low Interest Rates Will Boost Growth
Interest rates are expected to remain low throughout 2002 and 2003. Faced with evidence of slower economic growth, the U.S. Federal Reserve began to reduce interest rates early in 2001. Rates were cut further immediately after September 11. As of early November, interest rates have been lowered by 400 basis points, including a reduction of 100 basis points following the terrorist attacks. The Bank of Canada has also responded, easing interest rates by 300 basis points so far this year. Lower borrowing costs are positive for households and businesses. They encourage spending on consumer durables and housing as well as business investment and job creation.
- The Canadian three-month treasury bill rate is currently near 2.3 per cent, the lowest
level in 40 years. Private-sector forecasters expect the three-month treasury bill
rate to fall further. As economic growth strengthens in mid-2002, interest rates are
expected to rise.
| 2000 | 2001 Jan-Oct |
2001 November |
2002p | 2003p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-month treasury bill rate | 5.5 | 4.1 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 4.7 |
| 10-year government bonds | 5.9 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.9 |
p=private-sector survey average.
Sources: Bank of Canada and Ontario Finance Financial Market Survey (November 2001).
Inflation Easing
Economic forecasters expect Ontario's CPI inflation rate to drop to 2.0 per cent in 2002 and 2003. The rise in inflation to 2.9 per cent in 2000 and 3.3 per cent in 2001 has largely been the result of the past rise in energy prices. Core CPI inflation (all items excluding food and energy) remains near the mid-point of the Bank of Canada's target range of one to three per cent.
- In Ontario, the year-over-year CPI inflation rate was 3.1 per cent in September 2001.
Removing the impact of energy and food prices, the CPI inflation rate would have been
2.5 per cent.
- Crude oil prices, as measured by the price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI), have
fallen by a third to $22 US per barrel recently. This has contributed to a nearly
15 cents per litre reduction in Ontario's average gasoline pump price since November
2000. Private-sector forecasters expect oil prices to be around $24 US by the end of
October 2002 and to remain near the mid-point of OPEC's target range of $22 US to
$28 US through 2003.
- The core rate of CPI inflation has remained stable, averaging 2.3 per cent during the
first nine months of 2001.
- Ontario wage settlements have remained moderate, with base wages increasing an
average of 2.2 per cent in 1999, 2.5 per cent in 2000 and 3.0 per cent during the first
eight months of 2001.
Near-Term Job Creation Moderates
Ontario created a record 558,700 jobs during the 1998-2000 period, the strongest three-year period of job creation in the province's history. Slower economic growth globally has limited job creation in Ontario in 2001. Private-sector forecasters expect job creation to remain moderate through 2002 but to enjoy a healthy increase in 2003. Government policies supporting the incentive to work and invest have established a positive climate for strong job creation over the medium term.
- Since September 1995, the Ontario economy has generated 824,200 net new jobs, or
48.1 per cent of the total job gains in Canada.
- Recent months have seen a pause in Ontario's stellar job creation performance.
Private-sector forecasters project annual job growth of up to 1.5 per cent for 2001, up to
0.9 per cent in 2002, and up to 2.7 per cent in 2003.
- Private-sector forecasters expect the unemployment rate to rise from 6.3 per cent in
2001 to 7.1 per cent in 2002, and then fall to 6.6 per cent in 2003. The unemployment
rate is expected to remain well below the 1990-95 experience when it averaged
9.3 per cent.
Tax Cuts and Low Interest Rates to Bolster Consumer Spending
The growth of consumer spending moderated in 2001, in part reflecting a pause from the high level of auto sales in previous years. The tragedies of September 11 caused a setback to consumer confidence and spending. As the economy recovers and people feel more secure, households will become more confident and spending patterns will return to normal. Consumer spending is expected to strengthen further over the next two years, supported by continuing tax cuts, income gains and low interest rates.
- Ontario real take-home pay has risen 18.6 per cent since the provincial government
began cutting taxes, much stronger than the 11.1 per cent increase seen in the rest of
Canada during the same period.
- Private-sector forecasters on average expect real disposable income to rise by
2.1 per cent in 2002, after a 2.6 per cent rise in 2001. Growth in real after-tax income
is expected to accelerate to 3.9 per cent in 2003 as the economy strengthens and job
gains improve.
- Real consumer spending is expected to increase by 1.9 per cent in 2002, following a
1.4 per cent advance in 2001, according to private-sector forecasts. Growth in
consumption is projected to pick up to 4.1 per cent in 2003, supported by stronger
growth in real after-tax income.
Housing Outlook Solid
Ontario's housing market remains buoyant. Strong growth in after-tax income, a growing population and declining mortgage rates have encouraged home purchases and construction. Home resales are headed for their best year ever and housing starts are projected to reach levels not seen for more than a decade.
Private-sector economists expect housing starts to remain near current high levels, reaching 73,900 units this year, 71,000 in 2002 and 73,500 in 2003.
- Housing remains very affordable. Monthly carrying costs for an average-price home in
Ontario are currently about $1,007, much lower than their peak of $1,489 in 1990.
Housing costs as a share of average after-tax household income have fallen sharply,
from a high of 35.5 per cent in 1990 to 22.3 per cent in 2000.
- Housing demand is being supported by strong population growth. Ontario accounted
for more than 60 per cent of the nation's population growth last year, a gain of
nearly 190,000. Ontario attracted almost 150,000 immigrants during the past year,
a record high.
- Mortgage rates are low and are expected to fall further. Five-year mortgage rates in
early November were posted at 6.9 per cent, well below the recent peak of 8.75 per cent
in May 2000.
- The one-year mortgage rate is now at 4.9 per cent, compared to 8.3 per cent in
May 2000.
- First-time buyers of newly constructed homes have been encouraged by Ontario's Land
Transfer Tax refund. Since its introduction in 1996, the rebate has helped more than
95,000 Ontarians purchase their first home.
Corporate Tax Cuts Support Investment
The government has proposed to accelerate corporate tax cuts planned for January 1, 2002. Low corporate taxes help make Ontario the best place in North America to do business, invest and create jobs.
Strong investment boosts Ontario's productivity performance and enhances Ontario's competitive standing in the international economy. Because of the less certain business climate, firms are likely to be cautious in their investment spending plans in the near term. As growth accelerates through 2002 and 2003, investment spending is expected to rise sharply.
- The value of Ontario business investment in machinery and equipment almost doubled
in real terms between 1995 and 2000. Real investment in commercial and industrial
construction rose by about 35 per cent over the same period.
- The value of building permits issued by municipalities for total commercial, industrial
and institutional construction projects rose by 6.1 per cent over the first eight months
of 2001 from the corresponding period a year earlier.
Ontario Exports to Resume Growth
A return to healthy growth of the global economy will lead to rising Ontario exports. The slump in U.S. demand and the shock to the world economy from the events of September 11 have had a negative impact on Ontario's trade flows. However, Ontario's very competitive export industries are well positioned to benefit from the renewed growth in U.S. demand that tax cuts and lower interest rates will help generate.
- Ontario's import and export growth over the 1990s partly reflects the increasing
integration and rising regional specialization in the North American economy. The
import content of our manufactured exports has been rising with this integration.
Increased integration, specialization and investment in new technologies will make
Ontario industries more efficient and productive.
- The low value of the Canadian dollar has for the time-being reinforced Ontario
industry's competitiveness in global markets. Over the longer term, rising productivity
and reduced net indebtedness are expected to cause the Canadian dollar to strengthen.
- To achieve the healthy growth in trade that private-sector forecasters expect, it will be
necessary to ensure secure and efficient customs procedures with the United States.
- Since 1997, net exports (exports minus imports) have accounted for less than one-third
of Ontario's total economic growth. Strong net export performance has been
complemented by rapidly expanding domestic demand, providing Ontario with
dynamic, well-balanced economic growth. Domestic demand is expected to continue to
play a major role in Ontario's economic development.
- The volume of imports is expected to decline even more than exports in 2001, leading to
an improvement in Ontario's trade balance. This reflects the fact that Ontario
producers held large inventories of imported components at the beginning of the year,
which they are reducing. Spending on capital equipment is also being reduced, and
much of that equipment is imported.
Strong Growth Resumes in 2003
Slower global economic growth and the tragedies that occurred on September 11 are having an adverse impact on the economy. However, the essential conditions for stronger growth are in place. Business taxes are being cut. Personal income taxes have been reduced. Budgets are balanced. Interest rates are low.
Private-sector economists, on average, expect Ontario real GDP growth to accelerate, from 1.3 per cent in 2002 to 4.3 per cent in 2003. In 2003, job creation will be up, incomes will be rising and investment spending will be robust.
C: Ontario's Fiscal Plan
As a result of the government's economic and fiscal policies and its prudent and cautious approach to budgeting, the Province remains on track to balance the budget in 2001-02. This will be the first time in nearly 100 years that Ontario has balanced the budget for three consecutive years.
The slowdown in the global economy has affected Ontario, and the Province is now expecting economic growth in 2001 to be slower than forecast in the 2001 Budget. While the current economic environment is difficult, the government has put in place policies that ensure solid economic growth over the medium and longer term.
The recently released 2000-01 Public Accounts reported a record $3.1 billion reduction in Net Provincial Debt in 2000-01–the largest single-year debt reduction in the Province's history. In just two years the government has achieved over 80 per cent of its commitment to reduce debt by at least $5 billion during the current term of office.
This section will:
- provide an update on the Province's 2001-02 fiscal outlook, based on results for the
second quarter ending September 30;
- outline the government's plan to improve public-sector accountability;
- report on Ontario's recent fiscal performance; and
- review Ontario's borrowing and debt management.
2001-02 Fiscal Outlook: Second-Quarter Update
ON TRACK FOR THIRD CONSECUTIVE BALANCED BUDGET
In 2001-02 Ontario's budget is expected to be balanced for the third consecutive year– the first time in nearly a century.
| Budget Plan |
Current Outlook* |
In-Year Change |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 64,270 | 64,112 | (158) |
| Expenditure | |||
| Programs | 52,011 | 52,207 | 196 |
| Restructuring and Other Charges | - | - | - |
| Total Program Expenditure | 52,011 | 52,207 | 196 |
| Capital | 1,944 | 1,949 | 5 |
| Public Debt Interest | |||
| Provincial | 8,795 | 8,736 | (59) |
| Electricity Sector | 520 | 520 | - |
| Total Expenditure | 63,270 | 63,412 | 142 |
| Less: Reserve | 1,000 | 700 | (300) |
| Add: Decrease/(Increase) in Stranded Debt from Electricity Sector Restructuring to be Recovered from Ratepayers** |
140 | 140 | - |
| Surplus / (Deficit) | 140 | 140 | - |
*Second-quarter results as at September 30, 2001.
**Reflects the estimated excess of revenue over expenditure of the Ontario Electricity Financial Corporation
(OEFC). Consistent with the principles of electricity restructuring, OEFC debt is to be recovered from
ratepayers, not taxpayers.
Source: Ontario Ministry of Finance.
- Ontario's 2001-02 Budget Plan included a $1 billion reserve designed to protect
the balanced budget against unexpected and adverse changes in the economic and
fiscal outlook.
- With economic growth slower than projected and consistent with the role of the reserve
in prudent budgeting, $300 million of the reserve has been allocated to ensure the
balanced budget target is met. The $700 million balance of the reserve will be available
for debt reduction at year end if not needed.
IN-YEAR REVENUE CHANGES
Total revenue in 2001-02 is forecast at $64,112 million, $158 million below the Budget Plan and First Quarter Ontario Finances outlook.
| Changes This Quarter: | ||
|---|---|---|
| Taxation Revenue | ||
| Personal Income Tax | 250 | |
| Corporations Tax | (400) | |
| Retail Sales Tax | (50) | |
| Tobacco Tax | 40 | |
| Total Taxation Revenue | (160) | |
| Other Revenue | 2 | |
| Total In-Year Revenue Changes Since Budget | (158) |
Source: Ontario Ministry of Finance.
- The government's cautious and prudent approach towards forecasting revenues has
resulted in Ontario revenues being largely on track with the 2001 Budget outlook
despite the lower consensus projection for economic growth.
- The forecast for Personal Income Tax (PIT) revenue has increased by $250 million from
the Budget projection primarily due to higher 2000 PIT assessments than expected at
the time of the 2000-01 Public Accounts.
- The PIT increase is partially offset by the impact of slower wages and salaries growth
in 2001, lower expected capital gains income arising from the decline in stock prices
this year and the benefits to taxpayers of accelerating tax cuts originally planned for
January 1, 2002.
- The Corporations Tax revenue forecast has been lowered by $400 million due to lower
expected profit levels this year and the acceleration of the corporate income tax cuts
originally scheduled for January 1, 2002.
- The Retail Sales Tax revenue forecast has been reduced by $50 million as a result of
lower consumer and tourist spending expected in the wake of the tragic events of
September 11 in the United States.
- The Tobacco Tax revenue forecast has increased by $40 million as a result of the tax
increase announced by the federal government which, under Ontario legislation,
automatically increases Ontario Tobacco Tax by an equivalent amount.
- Miscellaneous Other Revenue is up $2 million due to an increase in revenue for
expanded OPP policing of Highway 407 and policing services provided by the OPP for
the towns of Collingwood, New Tecumseth, Orillia and Penetanguishene.
IN-YEAR OPERATING EXPENDITURE CHANGES
Operating expenditure for 2001-02, at $61,463 million, is up $137 million from the Budget Plan and First Quarter Ontario Finances outlook. Increased funding for hospitals across the province and one-time payments to low- and middle-income working families with young children were partially offset by one-time underspending and lower public debt interest costs.
| Summary of 2001-02 In-Year Operating Expenditure Changes Since Budget ($ Millions) |
||
|---|---|---|
| Changes This Quarter: | ||
| Hospitals–Increased Funding | 300 | |
| Less: Offsets | (162) | |
| Net Change | 138 | |
| One-Time Payments to Low- and Middle-Income Working Families with Young Children | 37 | |
| Tourism Marketing Strategy | 10 | |
| Counterterrorism and Emergency Management Strategies | 10 | |
| PDI–Savings | (59) | |
| Other (Net) | 1 | |
| Total In-Year Operating Expenditure Changes | 137 | |
Source: Ontario Ministry of Finance.
- Funding for hospitals across the province has increased by $300 million in-year to
better address the changing and rising costs of caring for patients. This increase is
partially offset by $73 million in one-time underspending and ongoing administrative
efficiencies in the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care and $89 million from the
Contingency Fund.
- An additional $37 million has been provided in-year for one-time payments to low- and
middle-income working families with children under the age of seven.
- An additional $10 million has been provided in-year to launch an enhanced tourism
marketing campaign.
- Expenditures increased $10 million in-year to fund the Province's counterterrorism
and emergency management strategies.
- Public Debt Interest costs are down $59 million due to lower-than-expected interest
rates and cost-effective debt management.
IN-YEAR CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CHANGES
The capital expenditure outlook for 2001-02, at $1,949 million, is up $5 million from the Budget Plan and First Quarter Ontario Finances outlook.
| Changes This Quarter: | |
|---|---|
| Victims' Justice Action Plan | 3 |
| Grants to Universities– to increase capacity at medical schools | 1 |
| Anti-Terrorism and Emergency Management Training Facilities | 1 |
| Total In-Year Capital Expenditure Changes | 5 |
Source: Ontario Ministry of Finance.
- Capital expenditure has increased $3 million in-year due to a transfer from operating
expenditure to capital for the Victims' Justice Action Plan.
- An in-year increase of $1 million in the Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities
is due to capital expenditure related to increased medical student enrolment,
transferred from Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care operating expenditure.
- An additional $1 million has been provided in-year towards the building of an
anti-terrorism training facility at the Ontario Police College and an emergency
management training centre for first responders at the Ontario Fire College.
Accountability: Progress through Performance
"Accountability does not end when the books are balanced. True accountability goes far beyond the numbers."
Ontario Budget, 2001
Accountability is not a new concept. This government initiated the process of improving accountability practices in 1995 by establishing the Ontario Financial Review Commission (OFRC), which made recommendations on the Province's accounting, reporting and financial management practices.
Some of the accountability measures undertaken by the government since 1995 include:
- introduction of annual ministry business plans that outline the core activities of the
ministry, set performance goals each year and report on the results;
- adoption of Public Sector Accounting Board recommendations in the preparation of the
Budget, Quarterly Finances and Financial Statements of the Province;
- introduction of Management Board of Cabinet Directives on Accountability (1997) and
Transfer Payment Accountability (1998); and
- passage of the Taxpayer Protection Act, 1999 and Balanced Budget Act, 1999.
These measures have dramatically improved accountability to the citizens of Ontario. However, this government is committed to continuous improvement in accountability practices and as part of that process, the government reconvened the OFRC in 2000. At that time the OFRC made recommendations on the financial management, decision-making and reporting practices of the government's key transfer partners in the broader public sector.
Some of the measures the government will undertake to raise the bar on accountability include:
- bringing forth amendments to the Audit Act, 1990 to empower the Provincial Auditor
to ensure that institutions funded by Ontario taxpayers use that money prudently and
effectively;
- implementing program evaluation that will incorporate the principle of zero-based
budgeting as part of the annual business planning process; and
- supporting initiatives in major sectors, such as independently produced report cards
for hospitals and the proposed new Municipal Act.
The government will continue to strive to make its operations more efficient and accountable. As more than 80 per cent of the Province's program and capital spending is in the form of transfer payments to organizations and individuals, the government will continue to work with the broader public sector to achieve our common goals as a society. The ultimate success of our efforts will depend on the willingness of all parties to work towards improved accountability to the citizens of Ontario.
Ontario's Fiscal Performance
BALANCED BUDGETS
Through prudent and cautious fiscal planning, 2001-02 is expected to be the seventh consecutive year in which the government's deficit and debt reduction targets are met or overachieved.
- As of September 30, the second-quarter outlook for 2001-02 is a $140 million surplus,
on track with the Budget Plan.
- The recently released 2000-01 Public Accounts reported the 2000-01 surplus at
$3,325 million, overachieving the cautious 2000 Budget Plan of a balanced budget.
TOTAL SPENDING AS A SHARE OF THE ECONOMY
The government's commitment to controlling spending has allowed the Province to maintain a sound fiscal framework even in these times of economic uncertainty.
- In 2001-02, total spending as a share of the economy is estimated at 14.2 per cent,
down from a peak of 18.9 per cent in 1992-93.
- At 14.2 per cent, total spending as a share of Ontario's Gross Domestic Product is at its
lowest level since the early 1980s.
NET PROVINCIAL DEBT AS A per cent OF GDP FALLING
With four consecutive deficits in excess of $10 billion annually, Ontario's debt rose dramatically in the early 1990s. Net Provincial Debt as a per cent of GDP more than doubled from 12.7 per cent in 1989-90 to 32.1 per cent in 1996-97.
- Strong economic growth, sound fiscal management and two consecutive years of budget
surpluses have reduced Net Provincial Debt to a projected 24.8 per cent of GDP in
2001-02.
- Short-term challenges to the economy and fiscal management may affect the pace of
debt reduction. However, with strong medium term growth prospects and prudent
fiscal policy, Net Provincial Debt as a share of the provincial economy can be expected
to decline in the years ahead.
Borrowing and Debt Management
MARKET CONDITIONS
Stability is returning to financial markets following the events of September 11, supported by aggressive interest rate cutting by central banks. However, some uncertainty persists as a result of the military strikes in Afghanistan and the threat of further attacks on the United States.
North American bond yields, especially short and medium term, have declined during the fiscal year to date. This has meant steeper interest rate yield curves in both the United States and Canada in recent months, with short-term rates falling much further than long-term rates. On October 31, 2001, the U.S. Treasury announced that it was suspending the issuance of 30-year securities, leading to a decline in long-term bond yields and a subsequent flattening of the yield curve.
The gap between Canadian and U.S. 10-year bond yields has widened significantly, approaching levels last seen in 1998. This is due to the safe-haven investor status of U.S. Treasury bonds relative to Government of Canada bonds.
After a gradual depreciation during calendar 2000, the Canadian dollar has continued to decline against the U.S. dollar during 2001. The Canadian dollar has fared better against most other major currencies.
BORROWING PROGRAM
As of September 30, 2001, long-term public market borrowing requirements are $1.2 billion higher than estimated in the 2001-02 Budget Plan. This is due to an increase of nearly $0.6 billion in accruals and consolidations and a $0.7 billion reduction in borrowing from the Canada Pension Plan (CPP), offset by a decrease in maturities of $0.1 billion.
The Province borrowed $1.5 billion during the second quarter, all in Canadian dollars, including a Euro-Canadian bond issue, a number of structured domestic Medium Term Notes (MTNs) and a new five-year benchmark domestic issue.
Almost 95 per cent of the borrowing completed during the first half of the year was raised in the Canadian dollar market. This included the sale of $4.2 billion of Ontario Savings Bonds in June.
| As of September 30, 2001 ($ Millions) |
2001-02 Budget Plan |
2001-02 Outlook |
|---|---|---|
| Surplus/(Deficit) | 140 | 140 |
| Accruals and Consolidations | (2,258) | (2,825) |
| Maturities* | (9,557) | (9,467) |
| Provision for Early Redemptions | (1,020) | (1,020) |
| Other Sources/(Uses) | - | - |
| Net Repayment from/(Loans to) Agencies | (42) | (42) |
| Decrease/(Increase) in Liquid Reserves | 2,551 | 2,551 |
| Increase/(Decrease) in Short-term Borrowing | - | - |
| Canada Pension Plan Borrowing | 1,130 | 423 |
| Long-Term Public Borrowing | 9,056 | 10,240 |
| of which: | ||
| Completed | 7,369 | |
| Remaining | 2,871 |
* Maturing debt is lower than the Budget Plan due to the Province exercising its options on extendible bonds.
As of November 6, 2001, the Ontario Financing Authority (OFA) has completed $8.0 billion of the Province's planned 2001-02 long-term public borrowing of $10.2 billion. Since September 30, 2001, the Province has raised $0.4 billion from a reopening of a U.S. dollar Global issue and $0.2 billion from five domestic MTNs.
In addition to the borrowing and redemptions shown in the Financial Summary table, the Province bought back $261 million of previously issued debt, financing the purchases with similar amounts of debt issued at more favourable rates.
The Province plans to raise an additional $2.2 billion in long-term public borrowing this fiscal year.
DEBT MANAGEMENT
As of September 30, 2001, foreign exchange exposure was 1.8 per cent of outstanding debt. Interest rate resetting exposure (net of liquid reserves) was 10.0 per cent of outstanding debt.
The Province maintains a flexible financing approach in managing high levels of debt maturities. The Province will continue to seek the most cost-effective borrowing opportunities and a maturity profile that recognizes the limit on interest rate resetting exposure.
ONTARIO ELECTRICITY FINANCIAL CORPORATION
As of September 30, 2001, the borrowing requirements for the Ontario Electricity Financial Corporation (OEFC) were estimated at $3.4 billion for 2001-02, down from the $3.6 billion forecast in the Budget Plan.
As of November 6, 2001, the OEFC had completed $1.8 billion of its planned long-term borrowing.
Conclusion
As a result of Ontario's prudent budgeting practices, the Province remains on track to achieve a third consecutive balanced budget for the first time in nearly 100 years. With economic growth slower than projected and consistent with the role of the reserve in prudent budgeting, a portion of the reserve has been allocated at second quarter to ensure a balanced budget for 2001-02.
The government remains committed to balancing the budget on an ongoing basis. The government's fiscal and economic policies have restored the Province to a sound financial footing and created a solid foundation for economic growth over the medium and longer term.
| Statement of Financial Transactions ($ Millions) |
Table C1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual 1997-98 |
Actual 1998-99 |
Actual 1999-00 |
Actual 2000-01 |
Outlook* 2001-02 |
|
| Revenue | 52,518 | 55,786 | 62,931 | 64,682 | 64,112 |
| Expenditure | |||||
| Programs | 43,709 | 46,509 | 47,369 | 50,075 | 52,207 |
| Restructuring and Other Charges | 1,595 | 76 | 211 | 31 | - |
| Total Program Expenditure | 45,304 | 46,585 | 47,580 | 50,106 | 52,207 |
| Capital | 2,451 | 2,187 | 4,832 | 2,079 | 1,949 |
| Public Debt Interest | |||||
| Provincial | 8,729 | 9,016 | 8,977 | 8,896 | 8,736 |
| Electricity Sector | - | - | 520 | 520 | 520 |
| Total Expenditure | 56,484 | 57,788 | 61,909 | 61,601 | 63,412 |
| Less: Reserve | - | - | - | - | 700 |
| Add: Decrease/(Increase) in Stranded Debt from Electricity Sector Restructuring to be Recovered from Ratepayers** |
- | - | (354) | 244 | 140 |
| Surplus / (Deficit) | (3,966) | (2,002) | 668 | 3,325 | 140 |
| Net Provincial Debt† | 112,735 | 114,737 | 113,715 | 110,634 | 110,634 |
*Second-quarter outlook as at September 30.
**Reflects the estimated excess of revenue over expenditure of the Ontario Electricity Financial Corporation (OEFC). Consistent with the principles of electricity restructuring, OEFC debt is to be recovered from ratepayers, not taxpayers.
†Net Provincial Debt represents total Liabilities less Financial Assets.
| Ten-Year Review of Selected Financial and Economic Statistics ($ Millions) |
Table C5 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modified Cash Basis |
PSAB Basis | |||||||||
| 1992-93 | 1993-94 | 1994-95 | 1995-96 | 1996-97 | 1997-98 | 1998-99 | 1999-00 | Actual 2000-01 |
Outlook* 2001-02 |
|
| Financial Transactions | ||||||||||
| Revenue | 41,807 | 43,674 | 46,039 | 49,473 | 49,450 | 52,518 | 55,786 | 62,931 | 64,682 | 64,112 |
| Expenditure | ||||||||||
| Programs | 45,350 | 44,195 | 44,505 | 45,309 | 42,956 | 43,709 | 46,509 | 47,369 | 50,075 | 52,207 |
| Restructuring and Other Charges | - | - | - | 854 | 2,180 | 1,595 | 76 | 211 | 31 | - |
| Total Program Expenditure | 45,350 | 44,195 | 44,505 | 46,163 | 45,136 | 45,304 | 46,585 | 47,580 | 50,106 | 52,207 |
| Capital | 3,592 | 3,552 | 3,831 | 3,635 | 2,612 | 2,451 | 2,187 | 4,832 | 2,079 | 1,949 |
| Public Debt Interest | ||||||||||
| Provincial | 5,293 | 7,129 | 7,832 | 8,475 | 8,607 | 8,729 | 9,016 | 8,977 | 8,896 | 8,736 |
| Electricity Sector | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 520 | 520 | 520 |
| Total Expenditure | 54,235 | 54,876 | 56,168 | 58,273 | 56,355 | 56,484 | 57,788 | 61,909 | 61,601 | 63,412 |
| Less: Reserve | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 700 |
| Add: Decrease/(Increase) in Stranded Debt from Electricity Sector Restructuring to be Recovered from Ratepayers** |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | (354) | 244 | 140 |
| Surplus / (Deficit) | (12,428) | (11,202) | (10,129) | (8,800) | (6,905) | (3,966) | (2,002) | 668 | 3,325 | 140 |
| Net Provincial Debt† | 61,796 | 80,599 | 90,728 | 101,864 | 108,769 | 112,735 | 114,737 | 113,715 | 110,634 | 110,634 |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Market Prices | 287,015 | 293,980 | 311,603 | 329,855 | 338,763 | 359,953 | 378,124 | 405,625 | 429,530 | 446,282 |
| Personal Income | 253,778 | 256,092 | 260,628 | 271,372 | 276,304 | 289,537 | 303,136 | 322,165 | 342,770 | 356,824 |
| Population–July (000s) | 10,570 | 10,690 | 10,828 | 10,965 | 11,101 | 11,249 | 11,387 | 11,523 | 11,685 | 11,874 |
| Net Provincial Debt per Capita (dollars) | 5,846 | 7,540 | 8,379 | 9,290 | 9,798 | 10,022 | 10,076 | 9,869 | 9,468 | 9,317 |
| Personal Income per Capita (dollars) | 24,009 | 23,956 | 24,070 | 24,749 | 24,890 | 25,739 | 26,621 | 27,958 | 29,334 | 30,051 |
| Total Expenditure as a per cent of GDP | 18.9 | 18.7 | 18.0 | 17.7 | 16.6 | 15.7 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 14.3 | 14.2 |
| Public Debt Interest as a per cent of Revenue‡ | 12.7 | 16.3 | 17.0 | 17.1 | 17.4 | 16.6 | 16.2 | 15.1 | 14.6 | 14.4 |
| Net Provincial Debt as a per cent of GDP | 21.5 | 27.4 | 29.1 | 30.9 | 32.1 | 31.3 | 30.3 | 28.0 | 25.8 | 24.8 |
* Second-quarter outlook as at September 30.
** Reflects the estimated excess of revenue over expenditure of the Ontario Electricity Financial Corporation (OEFC). Consistent with
the principles of electricity restructuring, OEFC debt is to be recovered from ratepayers, not taxpayers.
† Net Provincial Debt represents total Liabilities less Financial Assets.
‡ Starting in 1999-2000, Public Debt Interest includes $520 million related to the Province's equity investment in the electricity
sector.
Sources: Ontario Ministry of Finance and Statistics Canada.
The Budget Dollar
Revenue
2001-02*
* As of September 30
The Budget Dollar
Total Expenditure
2001-02*
* As of September 30
** Includes Major One-Time Health Care Spending.
The Budget Dollar
Program Expenditure
2001-02*
* As of September 30
**Includes Major One-Time Health Care Spending; excluding these costs, the health care
share is 45 cents.
Revenue Sources by Category
Per Cent of Total
1997-98 to 2001-02*
* As of September 30
Operating Expenditure by Category
Per Cent of Total
1997-98 to 2001-02*
* As of September 30
**Includes Major One-Time Health Care Spending.
Program Expenditure by Category
Per Cent of Total
1997-98 to 2001-02*
* As of September 30
**Includes Major One-Time Health Care Spending.
Capital Expenditure by Category
Per Cent of Total
1997-98 to 2001-02*
* As of September 30
**Includes Major One-Time Health Care Spending.
2001-02 Operating Expenditure
by Category*
($ billions)
* As of September 30
**Includes Major One-Time Health Care costs of $190 million for medical equipment.
2001-02 Capital Expenditure
by Category*
($ billions)
* As of September 30
D: Policies for a Sound Economy
ONTARIO'S GOAL
"Ontario will enjoy the best-performing economy and the highest quality of life in North America."
Ontario Budget, 2001
Ontario's strong economic and fiscal performance since 1995 and its ability to cope with the effects of the current global slowdown are the result of sound policy actions. This section reviews these actions. The Government of Ontario continues to:
- cut taxes for people and business to promote economic growth;
- invest in research, innovation and education;
- remove barriers to growth; and
- invest in infrastructure.
Cutting Taxes for People to Support Economic Growth
"The hard-working people of this province will invest and spend their money in ways that will help the economy to grow."
Ontario Budget, 2001
Personal income tax cuts improve the economic well-being of the people of Ontario and support Ontario's position as an economic growth leader. PIT cuts lower the tax applied to unincorporated small business, encouraging entrepreneurship and job creation.
Since 1995, the Ontario Government has:
- cut provincial personal income tax rates sharply;
- fully indexed Ontario's personal income tax system to offset the effect of inflation;
- reduced the amount of capital gains taxed from 75 to 50 per cent;
- provided a permanent Land Transfer Tax refund of up to $2,000 for first-time buyers of
newly built homes;
- begun the process of ending the personal income surtax;
- reduced annual residential education property taxes by $250 million; and
- introduced and enhanced the Ontario Child Care Supplement for Working Families.
A family of four with net income of $60,000 from two earners will save $2,345 a year in Ontario personal income tax, or more than 50 per cent, because of Ontario's tax cuts.
The largest percentage tax savings go to taxpayers with the lowest incomes. When the government's tax cuts are fully implemented, 735,000 lower-income earners who pay no Ontario income tax will continue to pay income tax to the federal government.
Low personal income tax rates are vital to maintaining a healthy, efficient economy with a rising standard of living. For too long, counterproductive government policies were causing the standard of living in Ontario to stagnate, or even to fall.
In the five years prior to tax cuts, real GDP per person fell in Ontario. In the five years since tax cuts, real GDP per person has risen about 18 per cent, well in excess of the increase in the rest of Canada, the United States or the average of the industrialized countries.
Numerous studies that compare the performance of different countries (and states in the United States) have found that the ones in which taxes and government spending take up a lower share of GDP have higher economic growth.
Income tax cuts improve the efficiency and competitiveness of the economy. Lower income tax rates give everybody, whether business owners or employees, an incentive to work harder and smarter, because they are allowed to keep more of what they earn.
Companies are much more inclined to invest in a location that has lower income tax rates, because it makes it easier for them to attract and keep skilled staff, and because they know that an overtaxed workforce will be less productive. That is one of the reasons Ontario has led the rest of Canada and North America in job creation since the Ontario Government began cutting income tax rates.
Cutting Business Taxes to Enhance Competitiveness
"Since we started cutting taxes business investment in this province has increased by 66 per cent"
Ontario Budget, 2001
Building on our business tax competitiveness is fundamental to Ontario's growth strategy. Business tax cuts increase Ontario's competitiveness and encourage investment and job creation.
By 2005, Ontario will have the lowest combined general corporate income tax rate in North America. No Canadian province will have a lower rate.
- Ontario's general corporate income tax rate and manufacturing and processing tax rate
will be cut to 8 per cent by 2005.
- Ontario's small business tax rate will be cut to 4 per cent by 2005 and 7,500 more of
Ontario's growing small businesses will benefit from this lower small business rate.
Annual business education property taxes have been cut by $350 million.
The Employer Health Tax was eliminated for 88 per cent of employers and all self-employed individuals in 1999.
Ontario is taking the first step towards eliminating the job-killing capital tax that deters business from investing. By making the first $5 million in capital tax-free, the Province will relieve more than 11,000 small and medium-sized businesses of this burden.
It is sometimes claimed that tax cuts for business primarily benefit the wealthy, but most economists agree that this simply is not true.
This has been accepted for many years in other countries. That is why many countries with a strong preference for spending on social programs, such as Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark, already have corporate income tax rates that are as low as Ontario's will be in 2005.
Capital is mobile internationally, and companies can choose from many other locations. If taxes on business are higher in Ontario, the result is lower investment in Ontario and lower incomes for Ontario workers.
Economic studies confirm that corporate tax rates have a major impact on where companies decide to locate their investments. For many years, corporate tax rates in Canada were well above the median of the industrialized countries.
Ontario was uncompetitive in the past, and it lost out on a lot of investment, jobs and productivity as a result. The government policy of cutting business taxes to attract new investment means that the standard of living of the average Ontario worker is growing more rapidly.
Fostering a Culture of Innovation and a Skilled Workforce
"We are investing in new technologies, fostering research and development activities and ensuring that businesses have workers with the skills they need to compete with the best in the world. We are committed to giving our young people the freedom and tools to innovate."
Ontario Budget, 2000
BUILDING A CULTURE OF INNOVATION
Ontario is building a culture of innovation that rewards entrepreneurship, risk-taking, and the pursuit of scientific excellence from the classroom to the boardroom:
- encouraging partnerships with industry and academia to perform world-class research
through the Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund, to build
state-of-the-art facilities through the Ontario Innovation Trust, and to establish unique
"knowledge networks" through the Ontario Centres of Excellence;
- attracting and retaining top researchers by recognizing and rewarding their
accomplishments and supporting them with the only program in Canada dedicated to
funding the indirect costs of research; and
- rewarding innovation and research excellence by cutting the top rate of Ontario income
tax on capital gains by nearly one-half for corporations and individuals, and providing
tax incentives to help research-intensive companies attract and retain skilled
researchers.
SHARPENING OUR SKILLS
Ontario is making a series of investments in post-secondary education and training to ensure a highly skilled workforce able to compete in today's knowledge-intensive economy:
- providing multi-year operating funding to ensure that colleges and universities can
meet future enrolment increases; adding 23,000 spaces in computer science and
high-demand engineering; and establishing the innovative Ontario Institute of
Technology;
- pursuing targeted strategies to address skills needs through training partnerships with
the private sector under the Strategic Skills Investment initiative and bridging
programs to speed the entry of foreign-trained professionals into the workforce; and
- modernizing and expanding the apprenticeship system to address skills shortages.
Rebalancing Workplace Relations
"And while we've removed such barriers to job creation as high taxes and unfair job quotas, we've been careful to keep rules in place to protect and expand the rights of employees."
Blueprint–Mike Harris' Plan to Keep Ontario on the Right Track, 1999
The government's labour law reforms strengthen competitiveness, enhance workplace democracy and promote Ontario as a good place to live and work:
- The Employment Standards Act, 2000 benefits both employees and employers. New
provisions help employees balance work and family responsibilities through parental
leave of up to one year and unpaid emergency leave of up to 10 days each year. The act
also reduces red tape and promotes flexible work arrangements.
- The Labour Relations Amendment Act, 2000 strengthens workers' rights, enhances
workplace stability and fosters economic growth.
- The Labour Relations Amendment Act (Construction Industry), 2000 modernizes labour
relations in the construction industry by promoting stability and predictability and by
helping contractors to become more competitive.
- Reforms to the Workplace Safety and Insurance system put it on a sound financial
footing. The average premium rate has been cut to $2.13 per $100 of assessable payroll
in 2001, a 29 per cent drop since 1995 and the lowest level since 1983.
Reducing Red Tape
"Businesses naturally strive to grow and people naturally want to succeed. Sometimes the most important thing a government can do is simply get out of the way of the energy and initiative of the private sector."
Blueprint–Mike Harris' Plan to Keep Ontario on the Right Track, 1999
Eliminating red tape contributes to a positive business climate that attracts investment and job creation. To make it easier for businesses to operate, the government and its Red Tape Commission have eliminated more than 1,700 unnecessary regulations, repealed more than 50 outdated acts, amended more than 200 other acts and passed 13 red tape reduction bills. All proposed regulations must undergo a business impact test.
Ontario is committed to easing costs for businesses and eliminating barriers to their success by:
- passing the Electronic Commerce Act to remove outdated legal barriers to e-commerce
and increase consumer confidence in online transactions. Ontario was the first province
in Canada to bring e-commerce legislation into effect;
- simplifying and streamlining registration and reporting for Ontario business; and
- helping entrepreneurs and small businesses through Community Small Business
Investment Funds, Enterprise Centres, Self-Help Offices and Ontario Exports Inc.
Initiatives to promote growth of Ontario's housing and development industry include:
- amending the Planning Act and reducing red tape for building permits, to speed
decision-making, remove duplication, streamline administration and reduce costs;
- changing the Development Charges Act to reduce costs and improve fairness, ensuring
development charges do not impede growth; and
- encouraging revitalization of brownfields by streamlining planning processes, clarifying
clean-up rules, limiting liability for clean-up costs and stimulating redevelopment
through the SuperBuild municipal infrastructure investment partnership initiatives
and property tax reductions.
SuperBuild: Investing in Infrastructure
"I am determined to see our children inherit cities, communities, neighbourhoods–an entire province–that is as efficient, that is as strong as possible and that has a quality of life second to none. Our vision will help encourage growth. It will make sure that all regions of Ontario–from our smallest towns to our largest cities–can reach their economic potential. And it will help keep Ontario strong, growing and ready to compete in the 21st century."
Premier Mike Harris
THE SUPERBUILD VISION–BUILDING FOR THE FUTURE
Investment in infrastructure sustains our quality of life, helps keep our economy stable and provides the basis for future economic growth. The government created the Ontario SuperBuild Corporation to provide the kind of visionary, leading-edge thinking needed to meet the infrastructure challenges of the 21st century.
SuperBuild's mandate is to plan for the Province's long-term capital needs, make strategic investments and develop new funding partnerships. This will mean:
- thinking ahead about what to invest in and where to invest;
- keeping our existing assets in a good state of repair;
- building as the economy grows rather than after it grows;
- planning wisely so that infrastructure can be replaced when it wears out; and
- using Provincial funding to leverage infrastructure investment from both public and
private partners.
The government has committed to a five-year investment of $20 billion in infrastructure through SuperBuild, including partner contributions. By the end of this fiscal year, SuperBuild will have already invested close to $9 billion and committed substantial additional funding to municipal infrastructure. Through partnerships with our hospitals, colleges, universities, municipalities, the federal government and the private sector, the total invested will reach over $13 billion.
SuperBuild's investments have helped to ensure that public capital investment remains strong, which is helping Ontario weather the current unsettled conditions in the world economy. The value of institutional and government building permits was up 51 per cent in the first eight months of 2001, compared to the first eight months of last year. Public-sector capital investment is currently forecast to grow 9.3 per cent for 2001, well ahead of the economy's growth rate. In the coming months, SuperBuild's investments in highways, hospitals, universities, colleges, water treatment plants and other municipal projects will stimulate local economies and provide construction jobs in every area of the province.
HIGHWAYS AND TRANSIT SYSTEMS FOR THE FUTURE
Rebuilding the province's transportation system is one of the government's key capital investment priorities. Since 1995, the Province has invested more than $5 billion in the highway system. As a result, approximately 90 per cent of the highway network in southern Ontario is now in good condition, up from 62 per cent in 1995. Highway conditions have also improved significantly in the North since 1995, and extensive sections of Highways 11 and 69 have been expanded from two to four lanes.
Ontario's economy has grown so quickly that highway congestion has become a problem, especially in large urban areas and on major trade routes. To keep people and goods moving freely and to meet Ontario's Smart Growth objectives, the government committed to a balanced, strategic approach to unlocking gridlock through major SuperBuild investments over the next 10 years. These investments will include a balance of both highways and transit.
| Major Highway Projects Recently Completed or Planned for the Near Future |
Highways for the Future | Transit for the Future |
|---|---|---|
400-series
|
407 East 427 Extension Mid-Peninsula Niagara Corridor 404 & Bradford Bypass New East-West GTA Corridor Ottawa Ring Road Windsor-Detroit Border Crossing |
Inter-Regional Transit Expansion in the Golden Horseshoe Strategic Transit Expansion in Other Cities Municipal Transit Renewal GO Transit Capital Investment & Operations |
Ontario has committed $3.25 billion over the next 10 years to renew and expand transit systems. This will include support for an expanded GO Transit, new inter-regional transit services in the Golden Horseshoe, transit expansion in other Ontario cities and funding to replace aging assets. If federal and municipal partners also contribute equal shares, more than $9 billion of transit investment could be achieved.
The Province has also committed $10 billion over the next 10 years for highways, to ensure that the highway system will be able to serve a growing population and economy.
A SPACE FOR EVERY QUALIFIED STUDENT
Anticipating future growth in post-secondary enrolment and the need to accommodate the double class of high school graduates in 2003, the Province invested more than $1 billion in 1999-2000 to ensure that universities and colleges have spaces for every qualified student.
SuperBuild's investment will result in an additional investment of at least $800 million from partners, and the creation of more than 73,000 new student spaces.
In addition, the Province supports capital investment in elementary and secondary schools through the Pupil Accommodation Grant. In the last two school years, school boards received $836 million in capital funding, which levered $2.3 billion of capital investment. This year, school boards will receive more than $500 million for repairing, upgrading and building schools.
| Project Title | Description | SuperBuild Funding |
Original Investment* Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| St. Clair College–Centre for Excellence in Manufacturing | Construction of a new building to house the Centre
for Excellence in Manufacturing and to provide
instructional space for the Information Technology and
Manufacturing programs. The new space as currently
planned will contain five laboratories and five shops. Expected opening date: September 1, 2003. |
$10.98 M | $24.40 M |
| University of Toronto–Bahen Centre for Information Technology | Construction of a new building to provide instructional
facilities for students in Computer Science, Electrical
and Computer Engineering, and Mechanical and
Industrial Engineering. It will also house the Advanced
Technologies Research Facility, which conducts
research in partnership with industry, including Bell
Canada, the Centre for Advanced Coating Technologies,
and Nortel. The new space will contain 31 classrooms
and 80 laboratories. Expected opening date: May 1, 2002. |
$24.03 M | $88.14 M |
| Queen's University–New Chemistry Building and School of Business Renovation | Building a new Millennium Chemistry Building and
renovation of space in the university's old chemistry
building and in its School of Business. The new space
will contain 34 classrooms and 30 laboratories. Expected opening date: September 1, 2002. |
$39.96 M | $94.56 M |
| Canadore College–Integrated Aviation Program Relocation | Development of a new, comprehensive aerospace
campus at the North Bay Airport, allowing the college to
relocate its aviation/aerospace programs from the
current non-sustainable site. The project will allow
Canadore to increase aerospace-related enrolment by
approximately 40 per cent. Expected opening date: August 1, 2002. |
$8.60 M | $12.49 M |
*Includes investments by colleges, universities and private-sector funding partners.
MODERNIZING OUR HOSPITALS
The province needs 21st-century health infrastructure that can deliver 21st-century health services. Since 1996-97, Ontario has invested $2.2 billion to modernize and upgrade hospitals in 22 communities across the province to implement directions from the Health Services Restructuring Commission, including $1.4 billion in SuperBuild investments. Together with the contributions of our partners, this multi-year investment will provide over $3 billion in new hospital construction and renovation. Many of these projects are currently underway or will start in the near future.
| Despite significant Provincial investment, demand for capital investment in health infrastructure remains high as the population ages and new diagnostic and treatment technologies become available. That is why, as part of the 2001 Budget, the government announced that SuperBuild will work with the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care to develop a long-term health infrastructure strategy that will address current and future capital needs. The strategy will examine the potential for public-private partnerships and other tools to finance new capital investment in the health care system. |
Selected SuperBuild Hospital ProjectsThe Hotel Dieu Grace Hospital, Windsor: Ontario's capital investment of $52.1 million will support construction of a new wing with an expanded emergency room, new operating rooms, and new diagnostic imaging department. The total project cost is $76.6 million. Construction is expected to be complete by late 2002. St. Joseph's Hospital and Home, Guelph: The Province's contribution of $21.7 million will support construction of a new facility offering a variety of long-term care, rehabilitation, complex continuing care and ambulatory services. The total project cost is $31.5 million. Completion is expected in April 2002. Northumberland Health Care Corporation, Cobourg: Ontario's capital investment of $38.3 million will support the construction of a new facility to enable the hospital to provide complex continuing care, rehabilitation, mental health, acute and emergency services in a state-of-the-art environment. The facility is estimated to cost $54.9 million. Completion is expected in the fall of 2003. St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto: Ontario has committed $42.6 million in capital funding to modernize the hospital. The project's first phase to enhance emergency, ambulatory care and inpatient mental health services is underway. The final phase will accommodate various new clinical and inpatient services. The total project cost is $64.7 million. Construction is expected to be complete by 2004. Grand River Regional Cancer Centre: Construction of the new regional cancer centre in Kitchener-Waterloo will offer state-of-the-art cancer services. The Province is providing $36.7 million in capital funding through SuperBuild towards the project cost of $52.5 million. Completion is expected in September 2002. |
STRENGTHENING MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE
In the 2000 Budget, the government announced three major SuperBuild partnership initiatives designed to strengthen the economies and quality of life in communities throughout Ontario. SuperBuild will be investing $1.9 billion towards improvements in municipal water and sewer systems, roads, bridges, sport, tourism and cultural facilities, and a variety of other important local projects, including revitalization of the Toronto waterfront. Partner contributions will significantly increase the total investment.
The government is committed to moving forward quickly on these initiatives. It recognizes that municipalities are currently in the process of drafting their capital budgets for the coming year and need certainty about SuperBuild funding to be able to finalize their plans. In a period of economic uncertainty, these projects will support jobs and business for local contractors and suppliers all across Ontario.
As part of the government's commitment to fast-track this process, we are announcing the following SuperBuild projects:
| University of Waterloo Technology Park |
|---|
| $13.4 million towards a $214-million proposal to create a Research and Technology Park at the University of Waterloo. The goal of this partnership, comprising the Region, the University, the City of Waterloo, and the private sector, is to create a Park that will be a catalyst for business and academia to succeed and prosper through collaborative research and development; create a research environment to stimulate delivery of technology from the laboratory to the marketplace; provide employment to co-op students and graduates; and respond to the demand for space from local businesses, serving to retain existing jobs and create new jobs in the region. |
| Sudbury Water Treatment Plant |
| $6.6 million towards a $20-million investment, bringing Sudbury's David Street Water Treatment Plant into compliance with the new Drinking Water Protection Regulation and providing clean water that meets Ontario's new stringent standards to 40,000 residents of that city. |
| London Economic Development/Transportation |
| $32 million towards a $96-million package of projects that will open up new serviced industrial land in the southern part of the City of London and address its transportation infrastructure priorities, ensuring it is able to take full advantage of its strategic location directly north of Highway 401 in the heart of southwestern Ontario. |
| Ottawa Economic Development and Tourism |
| $70 million towards a package of transportation and tourism investments in the City of Ottawa that will improve access to business parks, promote local tourism, and support the city's Smart Growth plans. |
These municipalities have committed to at least match our funding commitment. Ontario and its partnering municipalities look forward to federal announcements committing it to full funding partnership as well.
During the coming weeks, the government will be making a series of announcements throughout the province as part of its commitment to fast-track project funding commitments. Hundreds of SuperBuild projects will be announced shortly.
SAFE DRINKING WATER
Safe, clean drinking water is fundamental to Ontario's quality of life. As part of Operation Clean Water, the Province established a new Ontario Drinking Water Protection Regulation in 2000. The regulation raises the standards that municipal drinking water systems must meet. SuperBuild is providing $240 million to help municipalities comply with the new regulation and carry out other critical health and safety projects.
In response to municipal concerns about the proposed funding formula for public health and safety projects, including clean drinking water projects, the Province has committed to a one-third funding share. Ontario has asked the federal government for an early commitment to its matching one-third share.
In addition, the government has asked the SuperBuild Advisory Board to guide the development of a long-term water and sewer infrastructure investment and financing strategy. As part of the strategy, the board will be evaluating options for moving to full-cost pricing and the implications of full-cost pricing for water and sewer services. This strategy is expected to be ready for the government's consideration in 2002.
Economic Data Tables
| Table 1 | Outlook for the Ontario Economy | ||||
| (Annual Average per cent Change) | |||||
| Actual | Private-Sector Average | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001p | 2002p | 2003p | |
| Gross
Domestic Product |
|||||
| Real | 7.4 | 5.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 4.3 |
| Nominal | 7.3 | 5.9 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 6.1 |
Other Economic Indicators |
|||||
| Retail Sales | 7.3 | 7.3 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 5.2 |
| Housing Starts - Units (000s) | 67.2 | 71.5 | 73.9 | 71.0 | 73.5 |
| Personal Income | 6.3 | 6.4 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 5.5 |
| Pre-tax Corporate Profits | 15.7 | 5.8 | -2.2 | -3.2 | 12.6 |
| Consumer Price Index (1992=100) | 1.9 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Labour Market |
|||||
| Employment | 3.6 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 6.3 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 6.6 |
p = private-sector projection.
Sources: Statistics Canada, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Ontario Ministry of Finance and Ministry of
Finance Survey of Private-Sector Forecasts (November 2001).
| Table 2 | Ontario, Gross Domestic Product, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| ($ Billions) | |||||||
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real Gross Domestic Product
($1997) |
292.7 | 308.4 | 318.8 | 314.7 | 302.8 | 305.3 | 309.0 |
| Consumption | 160.3 | 168.8 | 175.4 | 176.2 | 173.1 | 175.9 | 178.3 |
| Government | 58.9 | 62.2 | 65.0 | 68.6 | 71.8 | 72.2 | 71.7 |
| Residential Construction | 20.5 | 21.3 | 23.1 | 18.8 | 15.9 | 16.8 | 15.4 |
| Non-residential Construction | 12.0 | 13.2 | 14.0 | 12.9 | 12.5 | 11.0 | 8.9 |
| Machinery and Equipment | 14.5 | 17.1 | 17.6 | 17.1 | 16.4 | 17.6 | 16.9 |
| Exports | 144.3 | 156.0 | 161.9 | 162.4 | 158.4 | 165.0 | 178.8 |
| Imports | 121.3 | 137.2 | 143.9 | 141.5 | 141.3 | 149.8 | 158.7 |
Nominal Gross Domestic Product |
231.1 | 256.7 | 279.1 | 283.3 | 283.4 | 287.0 | 294.0 |
| Table 2 (continued) | ($ billions) | ||||||
| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real Gross Domestic Product
($1997) |
327.4 | 339.5 | 343.1 | 360.0 | 377.4 | 405.2 | 426.6 |
| Consumption | 183.7 | 187.6 | 191.7 | 200.7 | 208.0 | 216.6 | 225.6 |
| Government | 72.5 | 73.1 | 70.6 | 70.5 | 71.2 | 74.8 | 78.8 |
| Residential Construction | 15.8 | 13.6 | 14.9 | 17.2 | 16.8 | 19.2 | 20.2 |
| Non-residential Construction | 7.8 | 7.6 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 10.5 |
| Machinery and Equipment | 19.6 | 21.7 | 23.8 | 29.3 | 31.8 | 34.7 | 38.8 |
| Exports | 197.8 | 214.2 | 225.9 | 242.6 | 260.7 | 290.0 | 307.6 |
| Imports | 169.4 | 181.0 | 190.4 | 213.3 | 222.6 | 241.7 | 257.6 |
Nominal Gross Domestic Product |
311.6 | 329.9 | 338.8 | 360.0 | 378.1 | 405.6 | 429.5 |
Sources: Statistics Canada and Ontario Ministry of Finance.
| Table 3 | Ontario, Growth in Gross Domestic Product, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| (Per Cent Change) | |||||||
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real Gross Domestic Product
($1997) |
4.7 | 5.4 | 3.4 | -1.3 | -3.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
| Consumption | 5.2 | 5.3 | 3.9 | 0.5 | -1.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
| Government | 4.1 | 5.7 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 0.5 | -0.6 |
| Residential Construction | 15.9 | 3.6 | 8.9 | -18.8 | -15.2 | 5.4 | -8.5 |
| Non-residential Construction | 10.2 | 10.1 | 6.1 | -7.8 | -3.5 | -11.9 | -19.3 |
| Machinery and Equipment | 12.2 | 17.6 | 3.0 | -2.6 | -4.0 | 7.1 | -4.0 |
| Exports | 2.6 | 8.1 | 3.8 | 0.3 | -2.5 | 4.2 | 8.3 |
| Imports | 5.7 | 13.1 | 4.9 | -1.7 | -0.1 | 6.0 | 5.9 |
Nominal Gross Domestic Product |
10.7 | 11.1 | 8.7 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 2.4 |
| Table 3 (continued) | (Per Cent Change) | ||||||
| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real Gross Domestic Product
($1997) |
6.0 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 7.4 | 5.3 |
| Consumption | 3.0 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 4.7 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 4.1 |
| Government | 1.1 | 0.8 | -3.5 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 5.0 | 5.4 |
| Residential Construction | 2.8 | -14.0 | 9.6 | 15.2 | -1.8 | 14.0 | 5.0 |
| Non-residential Construction | -12.2 | -2.3 | 20.3 | 9.3 | 1.3 | 9.3 | -5.2 |
| Machinery and Equipment | 15.7 | 11.1 | 9.4 | 23.1 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 12.1 |
| Exports | 10.6 | 8.3 | 5.4 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 11.2 | 6.0 |
| Imports | 6.8 | 6.8 | 5.2 | 12.0 | 4.4 | 8.6 | 6.6 |
Nominal Gross Domestic Product |
6.0 | 5.9 | 2.7 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 7.3 | 5.9 |
Sources: Statistics Canada and Ontario Ministry of Finance.
| Table 4 | Ontario, Selected Economic Indicators, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retail Sales* ($ billions) | 64.7 | 69.8 | 72.6 | 72.6 | 67.3 | 68.9 | 71.7 |
| Housing
Starts - Units (000s) |
105.2 | 99.9 | 93.3 | 62.6 | 52.8 | 55.8 | 45.1 |
| Personal Income ($ billions) | 187.6 | 208.7 | 229.0 | 241.7 | 247.7 | 253.8 | 256.1 |
| Pre-tax Corporate Profits ($ billions) | 25.6 | 29.4 | 27.4 | 19.8 | 14.6 | 14.5 | 17.9 |
| Consumer Price Index (1992 = 100) | 81.4 | 85.3 | 90.2 | 94.6 | 99.0 | 100.0 | 101.8 |
| Labour Force (000s) | 5,209 | 5,354 | 5,470 | 5,533 | 5,544 | 5,542 | 5,581 |
| Employment (000s) | 4,893 | 5,083 | 5,193 | 5,191 | 5,016 | 4,949 | 4,974 |
| Unemployment
Rate (%) |
6.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 6.2 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 10.9 |
| Table 4 (continued) | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retail Sales* ($ billions) | 76.9 | 79.6 | 80.2 | 86.4 | 92.4 | 99.2 | 106.4 |
| Housing
Starts - Units (000s) |
46.6 | 35.8 | 43.1 | 54.1 | 53.8 | 67.2 | 71.5 |
| Personal Income ($ billions) | 260.6 | 271.4 | 276.3 | 289.5 | 303.1 | 322.2 | 342.8 |
| Pre-tax Corporate Profits ($ billions) | 27.9 | 33.1 | 34.2 | 37.5 | 40.3 | 46.6 | 49.3 |
| Consumer Price Index (1992 = 100) | 101.8 | 104.3 | 105.9 | 107.9 | 108.9 | 111.0 | 114.2 |
| Labour Force (000s) | 5,574 | 5,620 | 5,695 | 5,801 | 5,914 | 6,071 | 6,228 |
| Employment (000s) | 5,039 | 5,131 | 5,181 | 5,313 | 5,490 | 5,688 | 5,872 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 9.6 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 8.4 | 7.2 | 6.3 | 5.7 |
* Retail sales include Federal Sales Taxes up to 1990 but exclude GST after 1990.
Sources: Statistics Canada, Ontario Ministry of Finance and Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.
| Table 5 | Ontario, Economic Indicators, Annual Change, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| (Per Cent Change) | |||||||
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retail Sales* | 10.5 | 7.8 | 4.0 | 0.0 | -7.2 | 2.3 | 4.1 |
| Housing Starts | 29.1 | -5.0 | -6.6 | -32.9 | -15.7 | 5.6 | -19.1 |
| Personal Income | 9.6 | 11.3 | 9.7 | 5.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0.9 |
| Pre-tax Corporate Profits | 21.8 | 14.7 | -6.7 | -27.8 | -26.0 | -0.8 | 23.1 |
| Consumer Price Index | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 1.8 |
| Labour Force | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.7 |
| Employment | 3.6 |
3.9 | 2.2 | 0.0 | -3.4 | -1.3 | 0.5 |
| Table 5 (continued) | (Per Cent Change) | ||||||
| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retail Sales* | 7.2 | 3.6 | 0.7 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 7.3 |
| Housing
Starts |
3.3 | -23.2 | 20.2 | 25.6 | -0.4 | 24.9 | 6.4 |
| Personal Income | 1.8 | 4.1 | 1.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 6.4 |
| Pre-tax Corporate Profits | 55.8 | 18.7 | 3.3 | 9.9 | 7.4 | 15.7 | 5.8 |
| Consumer Price Index | 0.0 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 2.9 |
| Labour Force | -0.1 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Employment | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
* Retail sales include Federal Sales Taxes up to 1990 but exclude GST after 1990.
Sources: Statistics Canada, Ontario Ministry of Finance and Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.
| Table 6 | Ontario, Real Gross Domestic Product by Industry 1, 1997-2000 | ||||||
| ($ Millions) | |||||||
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goods Producing Industries ($1997) | 104,051 | 108,821 | 117,761 | 122,715 | |||
| Primary Industries | 6,863 | 7,077 | 6,957 | 6,876 | |||
| Mining, Oil and Gas | 2,857 | 2,830 | 2,682 | 2,636 | |||
| Utilities | 10,019 | 9,603 | 10,064 | 10,514 | |||
| Construction | 15,521 | 15,778 | 17,589 | 18,304 | |||
| Manufacturing 2 | 71,648 | 76,364 | 83,151 | 87,021 | |||
Services Producing Industries |
227,333 | 238,421 | 252,940 | 266,446 | |||
| Trade | 36,369 | 39,799 | 44,627 | 47,304 | |||
| Wholesale | 19,926 | 21,770 | 25,170 | 26,637 | |||
| Retail | 16,443 | 18,029 | 19,458 | 20,667 | |||
| Transportation and Warehousing | 14,076 | 14,553 | 15,194 | 15,991 | |||
| Transportation | 13,682 | 14,123 | 14,747 | 15,544 | |||
| Warehousing and Storage | 395 | 429 | 447 | 447 | |||
| Information and Cultural Industries | 11,434 | 12,455 | 15,150 | 17,293 | |||
| Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, and Leasing | 71,775 | 74,394 | 77,638 | 81,218 | |||
| Professional, Scientific and Technical Services | 13,909 | 15,377 | 17,097 | 19,159 | |||
| Management, Administrative and Other Support Services | 7,298 | 8,118 | 8,890 | 9,747 | |||
| Educational Services | 16,920 | 17,377 | 17,335 | 17,316 | |||
| Health Care and Social Assistance | 19,705 | 20,006 | 19,895 | 20,143 | |||
| Arts, Entertainment and Recreation | 3,169 | 3,221 | 3,329 | 3,519 | |||
| Accommodation and Food Services | 6,999 | 7,446 | 7,986 | 8,214 | |||
| Other Services | 7,404 | 7,599 | 7,635 | 7,796 | |||
| Government Services | 18,276 | 18,077 | 18,165 | 18,747 | |||
| Federal | 8,466 | 8,448 | 8,724 | 8,973 | |||
| Provincial | 4,577 | 4,532 | 4,511 | 4,616 | |||
| Local | 5,232 | 5,097 | 4,929 | 5,158 | |||
Total Production ($1997) at Basic Prices |
331,384 | 347,242 | 370,702 | 389,160 | |||
| Indirect Taxes on Products Less Subsidies plus Miscellaneous Adjustments |
28,569 | 30,155 | 34,532 | 37,465 | |||
| Gross Domestic Product ($1997) at Market Prices | 359,953 | 377,397 | 405,234 | 426,625 | |||
Notes:
1. Gross Domestic Product on an industry basis is at basic prices, whereas GDP on an expenditure basis is at market prices.
2. See Table 8 for detailed manufacturing industries.
Sources: Statistics Canada and Ontario Ministry of Finance.
| Table 7 | Ontario, Real Gross Domestic Product by Industry 1, 1997-2000 | ||||||
| (Per Cent Change) | |||||||
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goods Producing Industries ($1997) | 4.6 | 8.2 | 4.2 | ||||
| Primary Industries | 3.1 | -1.7 | -1.2 | ||||
| Mining, Oil and Gas | -0.9 | -5.2 | -1.7 | ||||
| Utilities | -4.2 | 4.8 | 4.5 | ||||
| Construction | 1.7 | 11.5 | 4.1 | ||||
| Manufacturing 2 | 6.6 | 8.9 | 4.7 | ||||
Services Producing Industries |
4.9 | 6.1 | 5.3 | ||||
| Trade | 9.4 | 12.1 | 6.0 | ||||
| Wholesale | 9.3 | 15.6 | 5.8 | ||||
| Retail | 9.6 | 7.9 | 6.2 | ||||
| Transportation and Warehousing | 3.4 | 4.4 | 5.2 | ||||
| Transportation | 3.2 | 4.4 | 5.4 | ||||
| Warehousing and Storage | 8.8 | 4.1 | 0.1 | ||||
| Information and Cultural Industries | 8.9 | 21.6 | 14.1 | ||||
| Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, and Leasing | 3.6 | 4.4 | 4.6 | ||||
| Professional, Scientific and Technical Services | 10.6 | 11.2 | 12.1 | ||||
| Management, Administrative and Other Support Services | 11.2 | 9.5 | 9.6 | ||||
| Educational Services | 2.7 | -0.2 | -0.1 | ||||
| Health Care and Social Assistance | 1.5 | -0.6 | 1.2 | ||||
| Arts, Entertainment and Recreation | 1.7 | 3.3 | 5.7 | ||||
| Accommodation and Food Services | 6.4 | 7.3 | 2.9 | ||||
| Other Services | 2.6 | 0.5 | 2.1 | ||||
| Government Services | -1.1 | 0.5 | 3.2 | ||||
| Federal | -0.2 | 3.3 | 2.8 | ||||
| Provincial | -1.0 | -0.5 | 2.3 | ||||
| Local | -2.6 | -3.3 | 4.7 | ||||
Total Production ($1997) at Basic Prices |
4.8 | 6.8 | 5.0 | ||||
| Gross Domestic Product ($1997) at Market Prices | 4.8 | 7.4 | 5.3 | ||||
Notes:
1. Gross Domestic Product on an industry basis is at basic prices, whereas GDP on an expenditure basis is at market prices.
2. See Table 9 for detailed manufacturing industries.
Sources: Statistics Canada and Ontario Ministry of Finance.
| Table 8 | Ontario, Real Gross Domestic Product in Selected Manufacturing Industries, 1997-2000 |
||||||
| ($ Millions) | |||||||
| 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturing ( $1997) |
71,648 | 76,364 | 83,151 | 87,021 | |||
| Food | 6,404 | 6,776 | 6,847 | 7,072 | |||
| Beverage & Tobacco | 2,440 | 2,602 | 2,639 | 2,634 | |||
| Textile & Textile Product Mills | 742 | 819 | 808 | 758 | |||
| Clothing | 908 | 943 | 906 | 879 | |||
| Leather & Allied Products | 157 | 167 | 155 | 114 | |||
| Paper | 3,459 | 3,366 | 3,703 | 3,787 | |||
| Printing | 2,216 | 2,196 | 2,197 | 2,190 | |||
| Petroleum & Coal Products | 595 | 620 | 772 | 819 | |||
| Chemical | 6,138 | 6,370 | 6,538 | 6,555 | |||
| Rubber Products | 1,308 | 1,321 | 1,436 | 1,635 | |||
| Non-Metallic Mineral Products | 1,840 | 2,069 | 2,278 | 2,357 | |||
| Primary & Fabricated Metal Products | 9,987 | 10,895 | 11,314 | 11,539 | |||
| Machinery, Electrical and Electronic Products | 11,991 | 13,121 | 14,725 | 17,705 | |||
| Transportation Equipment | 16,043 | 16,923 | 19,691 | 19,697 | |||
| Furniture Products | 1,822 | 2,163 | 2,442 | 2,815 | |||
| Other Manufacturing | 5,599 | 6,015 | 6,699 | 6,465 | |||
Note: Gross Domestic Product on an industry basis is at basic prices, whereas GDP on an expenditure basis is at market prices.
Sources: Statistics Canada and Ontario Ministry of Finance.
| Table 9 | Ontario, Growth in Real Gross Domestic Product in Selected Manufacturing Industries, 1998-2000 |
||||||
| (Per Cent Change) | |||||||
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturing ( $1997) |
6.6 | 8.9 | 4.7 | ||||
| Food | 5.8 | 1.1 | 3.3 | ||||
| Beverage & Tobacco | 6.6 | 1.4 | -0.2 | ||||
| Textile & Textile Product Mills | 10.4 | -1.3 | -6.2 | ||||
| Clothing | 3.8 | -3.9 | -3.0 | ||||
| Leather & Allied Products | 6.1 | -6.8 | -26.4 | ||||
| Paper | -2.7 | 10.0 | 2.3 | ||||
| Printing | -0.9 | 0.0 | -0.3 | ||||
| Petroleum & Coal Products | 4.1 | 24.4 | 6.2 | ||||
| Chemical | 3.8 | 2.6 | 0.3 | ||||
| Rubber Products | 1.0 | 8.8 | 13.8 | ||||
| Non-Metallic Mineral Products | 12.4 | 10.1 | 3.5 | ||||
| Primary & Fabricated Metal Products | 9.1 | 3.8 | 2.0 | ||||
| Machinery, Electrical and Electronic Products | 9.4 | 12.2 | 20.2 | ||||
| Transportation Equipment | 5.5 | 16.4 | 0.0 | ||||
| Furniture Products | 18.7 | 12.9 | 15.3 | ||||
| Other Manufacturing | 7.4 | 11.4 | -3.5 | ||||
Note: Gross Domestic Product on an industry basis is at basic prices, whereas GDP on an expenditure basis is at market prices.
Sources: Statistics Canada and Ontario Ministry of Finance.
| Table 10 | Ontario, Housing Market Indicators, 1994-2000 | ||||||
| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residential Construction | |||||||
| Current $ Millions* | 15,353 | 13,279 | 14,549 | 17,154 | 17,228 | 20,128 | 21,799 |
| Per
cent change |
5.0 | -13.5 | 9.6 | 17.9 | 0.4 | 16.8 | 8.3 |
| New Construction* | 7,461 | 5,962 | 6,554 | 8,257 | 8,350 | 10,573 | 11,775 |
| Per
cent change |
12.2 | -20.1 | 9.9 | 27.2 | 1.1 | 26.6 | 11.4 |
| Alterations and Improvements* | 5,058 | 4,996 | 5,339 | 5,711 | 5,760 | 6,087 | 6,370 |
| Per
cent change |
-4.7 | -1.2 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 0.9 | 5.7 | 4.6 |
| Transfer Costs* | 2,834 | 2,321 | 2,656 | 3,186 | 3,118 | 3,468 | 3,654 |
| Per
cent change |
6.2 | -18.1 | 14.4 | 19.0 | -2.1 | 11.2 | 5.4 |
| Housing Starts (000s)* | 46.6 | 35.8 | 43.1 | 54.1 | 53.8 | 67.2 | 71.5 |
| Per
cent change |
3.3 | -23.2 | 20.2 | 25.6 | -0.4 | 24.9 | 6.4 |
| Home Resales (000s)* | 115.2 | 105.0 | 137.9 | 140.6 | 138.5 | 148.7 | 147.0 |
| Per
cent change |
7.8 | -8.8 | 31.4 | 1.9 | -1.5 | 7.4 | -1.1 |
| Average Resale Home Price ($)* | 160,158 | 154,606 | 155,662 | 164,382 | 167,115 | 174,049 | 183,869 |
| Per cent change | 2.3 | -3.5 | 0.7 | 5.6 | 1.7 | 4.1 | 5.6 |
* per cent change is shown on second line.
Sources: Statistics Canada, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Canadian Real Estate Association and Ontario
Ministry of Finance.
| Table 11 | Selected Financial Indicators, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| (Per Cent) | |||||||
| 1987 | 1987 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Rates | |||||||
| Bank Rate | 8.4 | 9.7 | 12.3 | 13.0 | 9.0 | 6.8 | 5.1 |
| Prime Rate | 9.5 | 10.8 | 13.3 | 14.1 | 9.9 | 7.5 | 5.9 |
| 10-Year Government Bonds | 9.5 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 9.4 | 8.1 | 7.2 |
| Three-month T-Bills | 8.1 | 9.5 | 12.1 | 12.8 | 8.7 | 6.6 | 4.8 |
| Mortgage Rates | |||||||
| 5-Year Rate | 11.2 | 11.6 | 12.1 | 13.4 | 11.1 | 9.5 | 8.8 |
| 1-Year Rate | 9.9 | 10.8 | 12.9 | 13.4 | 10.1 | 7.9 | 6.9 |
| Household Debt Burden* | |||||||
| Consumer | 19.2 | 20.1 | 20.5 | 21.2 | 21.0 | 20.9 | 20.9 |
| Mortgage | 42.7 | 46.4 | 49.1 | 53.1 | 55.7 | 59.0 | 61.9 |
| Total | 62.0 |
66.5 | 69.6 | 74.3 | 76.7 | 79.9 | 82.8 |
| Table 11(continued) | (Per Cent ) | ||||||
| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Rates | |||||||
| Bank Rate | 5.8 | 7.3 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.8 |
| Prime Rate | 6.9 | 8.6 | 6.1 | 5.0 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 7.3 |
| 10-Year Government Bonds | 8.4 | 8.1 | 7.2 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.9 |
| Three-month T-Bills | 5.5 | 6.9 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 5.5 |
| Mortgage Rates | |||||||
| 5-Year Rate | 9.5 | 9.2 | 7.9 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 7.6 | 8.4 |
| 1-Year Rate | 7.8 | 8.4 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 7.9 |
| Household Debt Burden* | |||||||
| Consumer | 22.2 | 23.0 | 24.2 | 25.8 | 27.4 | 28.1 | 29.8 |
| Mortgage | 65.1 | 65.2 | 66.7 | 67.9 | 68.5 | 68.2 | 67.6 |
| Total | 87.3 | 88.2 | 91.0 | 93.7 | 96.0 | 96.3 | 97.3 |
* Canadian household debt as a share of personal disposable income.
Note: All data are annual averages.
Sources: Statistics Canada and Bank of Canada.
| Table 12 | Ontario and the G-7, Real Gross Domestic Product Growth, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| (Per Cent) | |||||||
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 4.7 | 5.4 | 3.4 | -1.3 | -3.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
| Canada |
4.2 | 4.9 | 2.6 | 0.2 | -2.1 | 0.9 | 2.4 |
| France | 2.5 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 1.5 | -1.0 |
| Germany | 1.5 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 2.2 | -1.1 |
| Italy | 3.0 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 0.8 | -0.9 |
| Japan | 4.5 | 6.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| United Kingdom | 4.4 | 5.2 | 2.1 | 0.7 | -1.5 | 0.1 | 2.3 |
| United States | 3.4 |
4.2 | 3.5 | 1.8 | -0.5 | 3.0 | 2.7 |
| Table 12 (continued) | (Per Cent) | ||||||
| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 6.0 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 7.4 | 5.3 |
| Canada |
4.7 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 4.4 |
| France | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 3.2 |
| Germany | 2.3 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 3.0 |
| Italy | 2.2 | 2.9 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.9 |
| Japan | 1.0 | 1.6 | 3.5 | 1.8 | -1.1 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
| United Kingdom | 4.4 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 3.1 |
| United States | 4.0 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.1 |
Sources: OECD, U.S. Department of Commerce and Statistics Canada.
| Table 13 | Ontario and the G-7, Employment Growth, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| (Per Cent) | |||||||
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 3.6 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 0.0 | -3.4 | -1.3 | 0.5 |
| Canada |
2.9 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 0.8 | -1.8 | -0.7 | 0.8 |
| France | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.0 | -0.6 | -1.2 |
| Germany | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 2.5 | -1.5 | -1.4 |
| Italy | -0.3 | 0.5 | -0.1 | 1.2 | 0.7 | -1.0 | -3.1 |
| Japan | 1.0 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.2 |
| United Kingdom | 2.6 | 4.3 | 2.4 | 0.3 | -3.0 | -2.1 | -0.4 |
| United States | 2.6 |
2.2 | 2.1 | 1.2 | -0.9 | 0.7 | 1.5 |
| Table 13 (continued) | (Per Cent) | ||||||
| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
| Canada |
2.0 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.6 |
| France | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 2.4 |
| Germany | -0.2 | 0.2 | -0.3 | -0.2 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.5 |
| Italy | -1.6 | -0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.9 |
| Japan | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.1 | -0.7 | -0.8 | -0.2 |
| United Kingdom | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.0 |
| United States | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
Sources: OECD, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and Statistics Canada.
| Table 14 | Ontario and the G-7, Unemployment Rates, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| (Per Cent) | |||||||
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 6.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 6.2 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 10.9 |
| Canada |
8.8 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 11.4 |
| France | 10.5 | 10.0 | 9.3 | 8.9 | 9.4 | 10.4 | 11.7 |
| Germany | 7.6 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 7.6 |
| Italy | 10.2 | 10.5 | 10.2 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 10.2 |
| Japan | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.5 |
| United Kingdom | 10.2 | 7.8 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 8.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 |
| United States | 6.2 |
5.5 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 6.9 |
| Table 14 (continued) | (Per Cent) | ||||||
| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 9.6 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 8.4 | 7.2 | 6.3 | 5.7 |
| Canada |
10.4 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 9.1 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 6.8 |
| France | 12.2 | 11.6 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 11.8 | 11.2 | 9.7 |
| Germany | 8.2 | 7.9 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 8.9 | 8.3 | 7.8 |
| Italy | 11.2 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 11.5 | 10.7 |
| Japan | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
| United Kingdom | 9.4 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 5.5 |
| United States | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.0 |
Sources: OECD, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and Statistics Canada.
| Table 15 | Ontario and the G-7, CPI Inflation Rates, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| (Per Cent) | |||||||
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 1.8 |
| Canada |
4.4 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
| France | 3.3 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 2.1 |
| Germany | 0.2 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 5.1 | 4.4 |
| Italy | 4.7 | 5.1 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 4.6 |
| Japan | 0.1 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 1.7 | 1.2 |
| United Kingdom | 4.1 | 4.9 | 7.8 | 9.5 | 5.9 | 3.7 | 1.6 |
| United States | 3.6 |
4.1 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 4.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Table 15 (continued) | (Per Cent) | ||||||
| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 0.0 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 2.9 |
| Canada |
0.2 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 2.7 |
| France | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.7 |
| Germany | 2.8 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.9 |
| Italy | 4.1 | 5.2 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.6 |
| Japan | 0.7 | -0.1 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 0.6 | -0.3 | -0.6 |
| United Kingdom | 2.5 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 2.9 |
| United States | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 3.4 |
Sources: OECD, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and Statistics Canada.
| Table 16 | G-7, Exchange Rates, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| (Foreign Currency per Canadian Dollar) | |||||||
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euro* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| France | 4.525 | 4.831 | 5.376 | 4.651 | 4.902 | 4.367 | 4.386 |
| Germany | 1.353 | 1.422 | 1.585 | 1.381 | 1.441 | 1.289 | 1.280 |
| Italy | 980.4 | 1,052.6 | 1,162.8 | 1,020.4 | 1,075.3 | 1,020.4 | 1,219.5 |
| Japan | 108.8 | 104.1 | 116.3 | 123.5 | 117.2 | 104.7 | 85.8 |
| United Kingdom | 0.460 | 0.456 | 0.515 | 0.480 | 0.493 | 0.469 | 0.516 |
| United States | 0.754 |
0.812 | 0.845 | 0.857 | 0.873 | 0.827 | 0.775 |
| Table 16 (continued) | (Foreign Currency per Canadian Dollar) | ||||||
| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euro* | - | - | - | - | - | 0.631 | 0.730 |
| France | 4.050 | 3.631 | 3.750 | 4.211 | 3.968 | 4.139 | 4.787 |
| Germany | 1.184 | 1.043 | 1.103 | 1.251 | 1.183 | 1.234 | 1.427 |
| Italy | 1,176.5 | 1,186.2 | 1,131.2 | 1,228.5 | 1,168.2 | 1,222.5 | 1,412.4 |
| Japan | 74.7 | 68.0 | 79.7 | 87.3 | 87.8 | 76.3 | 72.6 |
| United Kingdom | 0.478 | 0.461 | 0.470 | 0.441 | 0.407 | 0.416 | 0.444 |
| United States | 0.732 | 0.729 | 0.733 | 0.722 | 0.674 | 0.673 | 0.673 |
* Introduced January 4, 1999.
Note: All data are annual averages.
Source: Bank of Canada.
| Table 17 | Ontario, International Merchandise Exports by Major Commodity1 , 2000 | ||||||
| Value ($ Millions) |
Per
Cent of Total |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor Vehicles, Parts and Accessories | 80,162 | 38.7 | |||||
| Machinery and Mechanical Appliances | 25,781 | 12.5 | |||||
| Electrical Machinery and Equipment | 11,169 | 5.4 | |||||
| Plastics and Plastic Articles | 7,120 | 3.4 | |||||
| Non-ferrous Metals and Allied Products | 6,994 | 3.4 | |||||
| Pulp; Paper and Allied Products | 6,796 | 3.3 | |||||
| Furniture and Fixtures, Signs, Prefabricated Buildings | 5,352 | 2.6 | |||||
| Prepared Foodstuffs, Beverages and Tobacco | 4,006 | 1.9 | |||||
| Articles of Iron and Steel | 3,682 | 1.8 | |||||
| Scientific, Professional and Photo Equipment, Clocks | 3,589 | 1.7 | |||||
| Precious Metals, Stones and Coins | 3,212 | 1.6 | |||||
| Other Chemical Products | 3,029 | 1.5 | |||||
| Wood and Wood Products | 3,012 | 1.5 | |||||
| Mineral Products | 2,926 | 1.4 | |||||
| Iron and Steel | 2,616 | 1.3 | |||||
| Aircraft, Spacecraft and Parts | 2,593 | 1.3 | |||||
| Rubber and Rubber Articles | 2,104 | 1.0 | |||||
| Articles of Stone, Cement, Ceramic and Glass | 1,583 | 0.8 | |||||
| Organic Chemicals | 1,428 | 0.7 | |||||
| Textiles and Textile Articles | 1,382 | 0.7 | |||||
| Live Animals; Animal Products | 1,360 | 0.7 | |||||
| Vegetable Products; Fats and Oils | 1,340 | 0.6 | |||||
| Inorganic Chemicals; Chemical Elements and Compounds | 1,201 | 0.6 | |||||
| Pharmaceutical Products | 965 | 0.5 | |||||
| Railway, Rolling Stock and Parts | 957 | 0.5 | |||||
| Printed Matter | 868 | 0.4 | |||||
| Apparel and Clothing Accessories | 792 | 0.4 | |||||
| Toys, Games and Sports Equipment | 582 | 0.3 | |||||
| Hides, Leather, Travel Goods and Furs | 375 | 0.2 | |||||
| Miscellaneous Articles; Works of Art | 319 | 0.2 | |||||
| Other Textile and Clothing Articles | 174 | 0.1 | |||||
| Ships, Boats and Floating Structures | 67 | 0.0 | |||||
| Footwear | 55 | 0.0 | |||||
| Headgear, Umbrellas, Artificial Flowers | 41 | 0.0 | |||||
| Other Commodities 2 | 19,438 | 9.4 | |||||
Total Exports |
207,065 | 100.0 | |||||
Notes:
- Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Trade definition of product groupings based on two-digit Harmonized System Codes. Data are customs based.
- Other Commodities includes re-exports and special transactions.
Source: Industry Canada.
| Table 18 | Ontario, International Merchandise Imports by Major Commodity1 , 2000 | ||||||
| Value ($ Millions) |
Per
Cent of Total |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor Vehicles, Parts and Accessories | 48,978 | 21.6 | |||||
| Machinery and Mechanical Appliances | 47,072 | 20.7 | |||||
| Electrical Machinery and Equipment | 31,671 | 14.0 | |||||
| Scientific, Professional and Photo Equipment, Clocks | 8,976 | 4.0 | |||||
| Plastics and Plastic Articles | 8,256 | 3.6 | |||||
| Non-Ferrous Metals and Allied Products | 7,899 | 3.5 | |||||
| Other Chemical Products | 6,990 | 3.1 | |||||
| Prepared Foodstuffs, Beverages and Tobacco | 4,801 | 2.1 | |||||
| Pulp; Paper and Allied Products | 4,520 | 2.0 | |||||
| Articles of Iron and Steel | 4,490 | 2.0 | |||||
| Furniture and Fixtures, Signs, Prefabricated Buildings | 4,089 | 1.8 | |||||
| Iron and Steel | 3,882 | 1.7 | |||||
| Pharmaceutical Products | 3,747 | 1.7 | |||||
| Vegetable Products; Fats and Oils | 3,692 | 1.6 | |||||
| Rubber and Rubber Articles | 3,583 | 1.6 | |||||
| Organic Chemicals | 3,128 | 1.4 | |||||
| Articles of Stone, Cement, Ceramic and Glass | 3,088 | 1.4 | |||||
| Textiles and Textile Articles | 2,974 | 1.3 | |||||
| Mineral Products | 2,966 | 1.3 | |||||
| Printed Matter | 2,362 | 1.0 | |||||
| Apparel and Clothing Accessories | 2,075 | 0.9 | |||||
| Aircraft, Spacecraft and Parts | 1,786 | 0.8 | |||||
| Precious Metals, Stones and Coins | 1,765 | 0.8 | |||||
| Toys, Games and Sports Equipment | 1,720 | 0.8 | |||||
| Live Animals; Animal Products | 1,563 | 0.7 | |||||
| Wood and Wood Products | 1,413 | 0.6 | |||||
| Inorganic Chemicals; Chemical Elements and Compounds | 1,134 | 0.5 | |||||
| Hides, Leather, Travel Goods and Furs | 703 | 0.3 | |||||
| Railway, Rolling Stock and Parts | 697 | 0.3 | |||||
| Footwear | 693 | 0.3 | |||||
| Miscellaneous Articles; Works of Art | 668 | 0.3 | |||||
| Other Textile and Clothing Articles | 493 | 0.2 | |||||
| Ships, Boats and Floating Structures | 225 | 0.1 | |||||
| Headgear, Umbrellas, Artificial Flowers | 145 | 0.1 | |||||
| Other Commodities 2 | 4,769 | 2.1 | |||||
Total Imports |
227,011 | 100.0 | |||||
Notes:
- Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Trade definition of product groupings based on two-digit Harmonized System Codes. Data are customs based.
- Other Commodities includes trans-shipments from one province to another through a foreign jurisdiction and special transactions.
Source: Industry Canada.
| Table 19 | Ontario, International Merchandise Trade by Major Region, 2000 | ||||||
| Exports ($ Millions) |
Per
Cent of Total |
Imports ($ Millions) |
Per
Cent of Total |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 193,119 | 93.3 | 167,438 | 73.8 | |||
| Western Europe | 6,775 | 3.3 | 15,738 | 6.9 | |||
| European Union | 5,899 | 2.8 | 14,601 | 6.4 | |||
| Other Western Europe | 876 | 0.4 | 1,137 | 0.5 | |||
| Eastern Europe | 330 | 0.2 | 809 | 0.4 | |||
| Asia | 3,492 | 1.7 | 25,457 | 11.2 | |||
| Oceania (Pacific) | 406 | 0.2 | 633 | 0.3 | |||
| Pacific Rim | 3,768 | 1.8 | 25,232 | 11.1 | |||
| Caribbean | 325 | 0.2 | 172 | 0.1 | |||
| Latin America | 1,845 | 0.9 | 12,056 | 5.3 | |||
| Mexico | 964 | 0.5 | 9,978 | 4.4 | |||
| Middle East | 465 | 0.2 | 556 | 0.2 | |||
| Africa | 307 | 0.1 | 495 | 0.2 | |||
| Re-imports (Canada) | 0 | 0.0 | 3,657 | 1.6 | |||
Total |
207,065 | 100.0 | 227,011 | 100.0 | |||
Note: Data are customs based, and include re-exports.
Source: Industry Canada.
| Table 20 | Canada, International Merchandise Trade by Major Region, 2000 | ||||||
| Exports ($ Millions) |
Per
Cent of Total |
Imports ($ Millions) |
Per
Cent of Total |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 359,289 | 87.0 | 229,564 | 64.4 | |||
| Western Europe | 20,553 | 5.0 | 42,818 | 12.0 | |||
| European Union | 19,122 | 4.6 | 36,877 | 10.3 | |||
| Other Western Europe | 1,432 | 0.3 | 5,941 | 1.7 | |||
| Eastern Europe | 760 | 0.2 | 1,902 | 0.5 | |||
| Asia | 20,932 | 5.1 | 49,532 | 13.9 | |||
| Oceania (Pacific) | 1,399 | 0.3 | 2,090 | 0.6 | |||
| Pacific Rim | 21,490 | 5.2 | 49,610 | 13.9 | |||
| Caribbean | 889 | 0.2 | 871 | 0.2 | |||
| Latin America | 5,409 | 1.3 | 17,585 | 4.9 | |||
| Mexico | 2,036 | 0.5 | 12,067 | 3.4 | |||
| Middle East | 2,065 | 0.5 | 2,839 | 0.8 | |||
| Africa | 1,569 | 0.4 | 2,761 | 0.8 | |||
| Re-imports (Canada) | 0 | 0.0 | 6,754 | 1.9 | |||
Total |
412,867 | 100.0 | 356,718 | 100.0 | |||
Data are customs based.
Source: Industry Canada.
| Table 21 | Ontario, Selected Demographic Characteristics, 1981-20161 | ||||||
| Estimates 2 | Projections 3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 | ||
| Total Population (000s) | 8,811 | 10,428 | 11,874 | 12,526 | 13,199 | 13,860 | |
| Annual Average Growth | |||||||
| Over Preceding Decade (%) | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | |
Median Age (Years) |
30.4 | 33.3 | 36.8 | 38.5 | 39.8 | 40.8 | |
| Age Group Shares (%) | |||||||
| 0-14 | 21.6 | 20.1 | 19.2 | 17.7 | 16.3 | 15.8 | |
| 15-24 | 19.0 | 14.5 | 13.1 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 12.5 | |
| 25-44 | 29.5 | 34.2 | 31.9 | 29.7 | 27.9 | 27.5 | |
| 45-64 | 19.9 | 19.6 | 23.2 | 26.1 | 28.3 | 28.3 | |
| 65-74 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.6 | 9.1 | |
| 75+ | 3.8 | 4.6 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.8 | |
Total Fertility Rate |
1.6 | 1.6 | NA | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| Life Expectancy (Years) | |||||||
| Male | 72.5 | 75.0 | NA | 77.6 | 78.3 | 79.1 | |
| Female | 79.2 | 81.0 | NA | 82.3 | 82.8 | 83.3 | |
Families (000s)4 |
2,279 | 2,727 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Households (000s)4 | 2,970 | 3,638 | NA | 4,857 | 5,262 | 5,667 | |
Notes:
- Population figures are for July (Census year).
- Estimates by Statistics Canada based on the 1996 Census adjusted for net Census undercoverage.
- Projections by Ontario Ministry of Finance released in July 2000 are based on the 1999 postcensal estimates.
- Census data and projections by Statistics Canada.
Source: Statistics Canada population estimates and projections and Ontario Ministry of Finance population projections.
| Table 22 | Ontario, Components of Population Growth, 1991-92 to 2000-011 | ||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||
| 1991-92 | 1992-93 | 1993-94 | 1994-95 | 1995-96 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population at Beginning of Period |
10,427.6 | 10,570.5 | 10,690.4 | 10,827.5 | 10,964.9 | ||
| Births | 152.1 | 148.7 | 147.1 | 147.2 | 143.1 | ||
| Deaths | 73.6 | 74.6 | 77.3 | 78.2 | 77.7 | ||
| Immigrants | 128.3 | 145.0 | 119.6 | 119.8 | 115.4 | ||
| Emigrants | 19.5 | 18.6 | 19.2 | 19.9 | 20.0 | ||
| Interprovincial Arrivals | 70.8 | 66.4 | 64.6 | 66.9 | 69.1 | ||
| Interprovincial Departures | 81.9 | 80.6 | 74.0 | 69.7 | 71.9 | ||
| Net Non-Permanent Residents | -21.7 | -54.4 | -12.0 | -16.9 | -12.2 | ||
| Population Growth During Period | 142.9 | 120.0 | 137.1 | 137.4 | 136.0 | ||
Population at End of Period 2 |
10,570.5 | 10,690.4 | 10,827.5 | 10,964.9 | 11,100.9 | ||
| Population Growth (%) | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | ||
| Table 22 (continued) | (Thousands) | ||||||
| 1996-97 | 1997-98 | 1998-99 | 1999-00 | 2000-01 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population at Beginning of Period |
11,100.9 | 11,249.5 | 11,387.3 | 11,522.7 | 11,685.3 | ||
| Births | 136.3 | 133.2 | 132.1 | 131.4 | 130.7 | ||
| Deaths | 80.4 | 80.1 | 81.4 | 83.7 | 87.6 | ||
| Immigrants | 119.6 | 106.5 | 91.8 | 116.8 | 149.9 | ||
| Emigrants | 25.0 | 27.8 | 28.9 | 30.5 | 32.2 | ||
| Interprovincial Arrivals | 70.0 | 75.2 | 72.8 | 78.9 | 85.8 | ||
| Interprovincial Departures | 68.0 | 66.0 | 56.1 | 56.5 | 67.9 | ||
| Net Change in Non-permanent Residents | -3.9 | -3.2 | 5.0 | 6.2 | 10.4 | ||
| Population Growth During Period | 148.8 | 139.7 | 136.1 | 161.7 | 189.1 | ||
Population at End of Period2 |
11,249.5 | 11,387.3 | 11,522.7 | 11,685.3 | 11,874.4 | ||
| Population Growth (%) | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | ||
Notes:
- Data are from July 1 to June 30 (Census year).
- The sum of the components does not equal the total change in population due to residual errors.
Source: Statistics Canada.
| Table 23 | Ontario, Labour Force, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour Force (000s) | 5,209 | 5,354 | 5,470 | 5,533 | 5,544 | 5,542 | 5,581 |
| Annual Labour Force Growth (%) | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.7 |
| Participation Rate (%) | |||||||
| Male | 79.0 | 78.6 | 78.8 | 78.0 | 76.4 | 75.1 | 74.4 |
| Female | 59.5 | 61.0 | 61.3 | 61.4 | 61.0 | 60.0 | 59.5 |
| Share of Labour Force (%) | |||||||
| Youth (15-24) | 22.4 | 21.4 | 20.6 | 19.6 | 18.6 | 18.1 | 17.3 |
| Older Worker (45+) | 25.9 | 25.9 | 26.0 | 26.3 | 26.6 | 27.4 | 28.0 |
| Table 23 (continued) | |||||||
| 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour Force (000s) | 5,574 | 5,620 | 5,695 | 5,801 | 5,914 | 6,071 | 6,228 |
| Annual Labour Force Growth (%) | -0.1 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Participation Rate (%) | |||||||
| Male | 73.5 | 72.9 | 72.6 | 72.8 | 72.6 | 73.2 | 73.4 |
| Female | 58.8 | 58.7 | 58.9 | 59.1 | 59.7 | 60.4 | 61.2 |
| Share of Labour Force (%) | |||||||
| Youth (15-24) | 16.8 | 16.4 | 16.2 | 15.9 | 15.7 | 16.0 | 16.1 |
| Older Worker (45+) | 28.8 | 29.1 | 29.5 | 30.2 | 30.6 | 31.3 | 32.0 |
Source: Statistics Canada.
| Table 24 | Ontario, Employment, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Employment (000s) | 4,893 | 5,083 | 5,193 | 5,191 | 5,016 | 4,949 | 4,974 |
| Male | 2,760 | 2,823 | 2,875 | 2,851 | 2,717 | 2,661 | 2,688 |
| Female | 2,133 | 2,260 | 2,318 | 2,340 | 2,299 | 2,288 | 2,286 |
| Annual Employment Growth (%) | 3.6 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 0.0 | -3.4 | -1.3 | 0.5 |
| Net Job Creation (000s) | 171 | 190 | 111 | -2 | -176 | -67 | 25 |
| Private-sector Employment (000s) | 4,000 | 4,135 | 4,225 | 4,174 | 3,986 | 3,899 | 3,912 |
| Broader Public-sector | |||||||
| Employment (000s)1 | 892 | 947 | 969 | 1,018 | 1,029 | 1,050 | 1,062 |
| Manufacturing Employment | |||||||
| (% of total) | 21.2 | 20.8 | 20.1 | 19.2 | 18.0 | 17.3 | 16.5 |
| Services Employment | |||||||
| (% of total) | 68.0 | 68.7 | 68.9 | 70.0 | 71.7 | 72.7 | 73.8 |
| Part-time (% of total) | 16.3 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 17.1 | 18.3 | 18.6 | 19.7 |
| Average Hours Worked | |||||||
| Per Week 2 | 37.7 | 38.2 | 38.5 | 38.1 | 37.3 | 36.7 | 37.2 |
| Table 24 (continued) | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Employment (000s) | 5,039 | 5,131 | 5,181 | 5,313 | 5,490 | 5,688 | 5,872 |
| Male | 2,729 | 2,777 | 2,798 | 2,879 | 2,952 | 3,058 | 3,146 |
| Female | 2,311 | 2,353 | 2,383 | 2,435 | 2,538 | 2,630 | 2,726 |
| Annual Employment Growth (%) | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
| Net Job Creation (000s) | 65 | 91 | 50 | 133 | 177 | 198 | 184 |
| Private-sector Employment (000s) | 3,974 | 4,078 | 4,163 | 4,317 | 4,466 | 4,653 | 4,817 |
| Broader Public-sector | |||||||
| Employment (000s)1 | 1,065 | 1,052 | 1,018 | 996 | 1,024 | 1,035 | 1,055 |
| Manufacturing Employment | |||||||
| (% of total) | 16.6 | 17.1 | 17.4 | 17.7 | 18.0 | 18.4 | 18.7 |
| Services Employment | |||||||
| (% of total) | 74.0 | 73.7 | 73.6 | 73.4 | 73.2 | 72.7 | 72.7 |
| Part-time (% of total) | 19.0 | 18.8 | 19.3 | 19.2 | 18.6 | 18.0 | 17.9 |
| Average Hours Worked | |||||||
| Per Week 2 | 37.6 | 37.2 | 37.6 | 37.8 | 37.8 | 37.9 | 38.1 |
Notes:
- Broader Public Sector includes Public Administration, Health Care and Social Assistance, and Educational Services, except for certain private-sector components such as offices of health practitioners and some private-sector educational institutions. Industry groupings are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
- Average actual hours worked per week at all jobs, excluding persons not at work.
Source: Statistics Canada and Ontario Ministry of Finance.
| Table 25 | Ontario, Unemployment, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Unemployment (000s) | 316 | 271 | 276 | 342 | 528 | 593 | 607 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 6.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 6.2 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 10.9 |
| Male | 5.5 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 6.2 | 10.0 | 11.9 | 11.5 |
| Female | 6.8 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 10.1 |
| Toronto CMA | 4.5 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 5.2 | 9.5 | 11.2 | 11.4 |
| Northern Ontario | 9.7 | 8.0 | 7.3 | 8.1 | 11.4 | 12.6 | 12.4 |
| Youth (15-24) | 9.4 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 17.4 | 17.5 |
| Older Workers (45+) | 4.4 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 7.6 |
| Unemployment (% of total) | |||||||
| Long-term (27 weeks+) | 16.7 | 12.8 | 13.2 | 13.7 | 22.5 | 29.7 | 33.4 |
| Youth (15-24) | 34.8 | 33.2 | 31.3 | 31.7 | 29.3 | 29.5 | 27.8 |
| Older Workers (45+) | 18.8 | 18.3 | 17.0 | 16.9 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 19.5 |
| Average Duration (weeks)1 | 16.1 | 13.4 | 13.5 | 13.7 | 18.5 | 23.3 | 26.9 |
| Youth (15-24) | 10.8 | 8.6 | 8.4 | 10.0 | 13.5 | 16.6 | 18.4 |
| Older Workers (45+) | 22.2 | 20.0 | 19.5 | 18.9 | 22.7 | 29.7 | 33.7 |
| Table 25 (continued) | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Unemployment (000s) | 535 | 489 | 515 | 488 | 424 | 383 | 356 |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 9.6 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 8.4 | 7.2 | 6.3 | 5.7 |
| Male | 10.0 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 5.5 |
| Female | 9.1 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 7.2 | 6.4 | 5.9 |
| Toronto CMA | 10.4 | 8.6 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 5.5 |
| Northern Ontario | 11.6 | 9.9 | 10.7 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 9.0 | 8.2 |
| Youth (15-24) | 15.5 | 14.6 | 14.9 | 16.4 | 14.4 | 13.1 | 11.8 |
| Older Workers (45+) | 7.0 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 4.0 |
| Unemployment (% of total) | |||||||
| Long-term (27 weeks+) | 32.3 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 25.5 | 21.8 | 19.0 | 15.4 |
| Youth (15-24) | 27.1 | 27.5 | 26.6 | 30.9 | 31.5 | 33.3 | 33.1 |
| Older Workers (45+) | 21.1 | 21.7 | 20.8 | 21.3 | 22.6 | 20.7 | 22.4 |
| Average Duration (weeks)1 | 27.5 | 25.8 | 24.8 | 26.6 | 23.2 | 21.2 | 17.8 |
| Youth (15-24) | 17.8 | 16.2 | 15.4 | 13.7 | 12.7 | 11.5 | 9.8 |
| Older Workers (45+) | 34.6 | 33.4 | 31.1 | 42.6 | 39.2 | 33.6 | 28.1 |
Notes:
- Prior to 1997, unemployment of 100 or more weeks was recorded as 99 due to data processing limitations. This restriction was removed for data after 1996.
Source: Statistics Canada.
| Table 26 | Ontario, Employment Insurance (EI) and Social Assistance, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EI Regular Beneficiaries (000s) | 190 | 172 | 167 | 225 | 319 | 322 | 294 |
| EI Maximum Insurable Earnings ($)1 | 530 | 565 | 605 | 640 | 680 | 710 | 745 |
| EI Maximum Weekly Entitlement ($) | 318 | 339 | 363 | 384 | 408 | 426 | 425 |
| EI Premium Rate | |||||||
| Employer ($/$100 Insurable Earnings) | 3.29 | 3.29 | 2.73 | 3.15 | 3.15/3.922 | 4.20 | 4.20 |
| Employee ($/$100 Insurable Earnings) | 2.35 | 2.35 | 1.95 | 2.25 | 2.25/2.802 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| EI Total Benefits Paid ($ millions)3 | 2,387 | 2,370 | 2,470 | 3,419 | 5,362 | 5,845 | 5,406 |
| EI Premiums Paid ($ millions)3 | 4,379 | 4,804 | 4,346 | 5,281 | 6,058 | 7,279 | 7,400 |
| Social Assistance Caseload (000s) | 279 | 289 | 307 | 366 | 499 | 608 | 660 |
| Table 26 (continued) | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regular Beneficiaries (000s) | 228 | 181 | 180 | 151 | 131 | 110 | 101 |
| EI Maximum Insurable Earnings ($)1 | 780 | 815 | 750 | 39,000 | 39,000 | 39,000 | 39,000 |
| EI Maximum Weekly Entitlement ($) | 429 | 448 | 413 | 413 | 413 | 413 | 413 |
| EI Premium Rate | |||||||
| Employer ($/$100 Insurable Earnings) | 4.30 | 4.20 | 4.13 | 4.06 | 3.78 | 3.57 | 3.36 |
| Employee ($/$100 Insurable Earnings) | 3.07 | 3.00 | 2.95 | 2.90 | 2.70 | 2.55 | 2.40 |
| EI Total Benefits Paid ($ millions)3 | 4,511 | 3,796 | 3,653 | 3,436 | 3,141 | 3,051 | 2,787 |
| EI Premiums Paid ($ millions)3 | 7,797 | 7,997 | 7,555 | 7,980 | 7,984 | 7,5874 | 7,6774 |
| Social Assistance Caseload (000s) | 673 | 660 | 600 | 568 | 5295 | 4795 | 4355 |
Notes:
- Effective January 1, 1997, the maximum weekly insurable earnings of $750 was eliminated and replaced with an annual maximum set at $39,000.
- Premium rates for 1991 changed at mid-year.
- Employment Insurance benefit payments are on a cash basis; premiums are paid on an accrual basis.
- Premiums paid in 1999 and 2000 are Ontario Ministry of Finance estimates.
- The number of social assistance cases from 1998 to 2000 includes recipients of the Ontario Works program, the Ontario Disability Support Program, Temporary Care Assistance and the Assistance for Children with Severe Disabilities program. The Ontario Works Act was proclaimed in May 1998 and replaced the General Welfare Act. The Ontario Disability Support Program Act was proclaimed in June 1998.
Source: Statistics Canada, Human Resources Development Canada, Ontario Ministry of Finance and Ontario Ministry of Community and Social Services.
| Table 27 | Ontario, Labour Compensation, 1987-2000 | ||||||
| 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average Weekly Earnings ($)1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 576.88 | 599.56 | 612.76 |
| Increase(%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3.9 | 2.2 |
| CPI Inflation (%) | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 1.8 |
| AWE Increase Less CPI Inflation (%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2.9 | 0.4 |
| AWE - Manufacturing ($) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 683.30 | 716.55 | 739.20 |
| Increase(%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4.9 | 3.2 |
| Increase Less CPI Inflation(%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3.9 | 1.4 |
| Wage Settlement Increases (%)2 | |||||||
| All Sectors | 3.9 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 1.0 |
| Public | 4.6 | 4.7 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 5.0 | 2.6 | 0.5 |
| Private | 2.7 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 6.3 | 4.6 | 2.7 | 1.9 |
| Person Days Lost Due to Strikes and | |||||||
| Lockouts (000s) | 1,109 | 1,362 | 869 | 2,958 | 454 | 578 | 371 |
| Minimum Wage at Year End ($/hour) | 4.55 | 4.75 | 5.00 | 5.40 | 6.00 | 6.35 | 6.35 |
| Table 27 (continued) | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average Weekly Earnings ($)1 | 628.50 | 634.47 | 649.71 | 663.51 | 672.36 | 681.91 | 697.92 |
| Increase(%) | 2.6 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 2.3 |
| CPI Inflation (%) | 0.0 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 2.9 |
| AWE Increase Less CPI Inflation (%) | 2.6 | -1.6 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.4 | -0.5 | -0.6 |
| AWE - Manufacturing ($) | 761.95 | 770.80 | 794.09 | 821.28 | 841.39 | 851.17 | 869.24 |
| Increase(%) | 3.1 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 2.1 |
| Increase Less CPI Inflation(%) | 3.1 | -1.3 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | -0.7 | -0.8 |
| Wage Settlement Increases (%)2 | |||||||
| All Sectors | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.6 |
| Public | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 2.7 |
| Private | 1.1 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 2.4 |
| Person Days Lost Due to Strikes and | |||||||
| Lockouts (000s) | 488 | 477 | 1,915 | 1,904 | 1,061 | 651 | 650 |
| Minimum Wage at Year End ($/hour) | 6.70 | 6.85 | 6.85 | 6.85 | 6.85 | 6.85 | 6.85 |
Notes:
- Average Weekly Earnings (AWE) includes overtime. In 2001, Statistics Canada changed its estimates of AWE from the 1980 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). AWE based on NAICS is available only back to 1991.
- Wage settlement increases are for collective agreements covering 200 or more employees.
Source: Statistics Canada, Ontario Ministry of Labour and Ontario Ministry of Finance.
| Table 28 | Ontario, Employment by Occupation, 1989-2000 | ||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Management | 512 | 533 | 555 | 540 | 569 | 548 | |
| Business, Finance & Administrative | 1,065 | 1,068 | 1,011 | 1,001 | 961 | 965 | |
| Natural & Applied Sciences | 249 | 256 | 265 | 253 | 247 | 250 | |
| Health | 234 | 233 | 248 | 241 | 255 | 254 | |
| Social Science, Education, Government | |||||||
| Service & Religion | 298 | 316 | 321 | 344 | 344 | 375 | |
| Art, Culture, Recreation & Sport | 137 | 133 | 122 | 129 | 138 | 150 | |
| Sales & Service | 1,182 | 1,203 | 1,168 | 1,185 | 1,221 | 1,216 | |
| Trades, Transport & Equipment Operators | 802 | 781 | 719 | 683 | 678 | 692 | |
| Primary Industry | 161 | 157 | 151 | 147 | 154 | 147 | |
| Processing, Manufacturing & Utilities | 555 | 512 | 456 | 426 | 408 | 443 | |
Total |
5,193 | 5,191 | 5,016 | 4,949 | 4,974 | 5,039 | |
| Table 28 (continued) | (Thousands) | ||||||
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Management | 596 | 585 | 590 | 595 | 553 | 566 | |
| Business, Finance & Administrative | 979 | 968 | 962 | 993 | 1,050 | 1,079 | |
| Natural & Applied Sciences | 272 | 270 | 296 | 327 | 388 | 423 | |
| Health | 252 | 245 | 261 | 255 | 272 | 279 | |
| Social Science, Education, Government | |||||||
| Service & Religion | 341 | 340 | 342 | 356 | 389 | 401 | |
| Art, Culture, Recreation & Sport | 140 | 148 | 143 | 155 | 169 | 172 | |
| Sales & Service | 1,243 | 1,272 | 1,305 | 1,348 | 1,354 | 1,408 | |
| Trades, Transport & Equipment Operators | 712 | 721 | 756 | 777 | 790 | 806 | |
| Primary Industry | 143 | 142 | 143 | 139 | 153 | 142 | |
| Processing, Manufacturing & Utilities | 453 | 490 | 515 | 545 | 571 | 597 | |
Total |
5,131 | 5,181 | 5,313 | 5,490 | 5,688 | 5,872 | |
Notes: Occupation groupings based on 1991 Standard Occupational Classification.
Source: Statistics Canada.
| Table 29 | Ontario, Distribution of Employment by Occupation, 1989-2000 | ||||||
| (Per Cent) | |||||||
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Management | 9.9 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 11.4 | 10.9 | |
| Business, Finance & Administrative | 20.5 | 20.6 | 20.2 | 20.2 | 19.3 | 19.1 | |
| Natural & Applied Sciences | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
| Health | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.0 | |
| Social Science, Education, Government | |||||||
| Service & Religion | 5.7 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 7.4 | |
| Art, Culture, Recreation & Sport | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.0 | |
| Sales & Service | 22.8 | 23.2 | 23.3 | 23.9 | 24.6 | 24.1 | |
| Trades, Transport & Equipment Operators | 15.4 | 15.1 | 14.3 | 13.8 | 13.6 | 13.7 | |
| Primary Industry | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.9 | |
| Processing, Manufacturing & Utilities | 10.7 | 9.9 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 8.8 | |
Total |
100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| Table 29 (continued) | (Per Cent) | ||||||
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Management | 11.6 | 11.3 | 11.1 | 10.8 | 9.7 | 9.6 | |
| Business, Finance & Administrative | 19.1 | 18.7 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.5 | 18.4 | |
| Natural & Applied Sciences | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.8 | 7.2 | |
| Health | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.7 | |
| Social Science, Education, Government | |||||||
| Service & Religion | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.8 | |
| Art, Culture, Recreation & Sport | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.9 | |
| Sales & Service | 24.2 | 24.5 | 24.6 | 24.6 | 23.8 | 24.0 | |
| Trades, Transport & Equipment Operators | 13.9 | 13.9 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 13.9 | 13.7 | |
| Primary Industry | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.4 | |
| Processing, Manufacturing & Utilities | 8.8 | 9.5 | 9.7 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.2 | |
Total |
100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
Notes: Occupation groupings based on 1991 Standard Occupational Classification.
Source: Statistics Canada.
| Table 30 | Ontario, Employment by Industry, 1991-2000 | ||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||
| 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goods Producing Industries | 1,420 | 1,352 | 1,302 | 1,312 | 1,348 | ||
| Primary Industries | 165 | 162 | 159 | 155 | 152 | ||
| Agriculture | 112 | 110 | 114 | 112 | 107 | ||
| Manufacturing | 905 | 857 | 822 | 838 | 878 | ||
| Construction | 285 | 269 | 264 | 271 | 269 | ||
| Utilities | 64 | 64 | 57 | 49 | 49 | ||
| Services Producing Industries | 3,596 | 3,597 | 3,672 | 3,727 | 3,782 | ||
| Trade | 759 | 765 | 778 | 771 | 767 | ||
| Transportation & Warehousing | 223 | 212 | 221 | 236 | 242 | ||
| Finance, Insurance, Real Estate and Leasing | 382 | 367 | 367 | 355 | 365 | ||
| Professional, Scientific and Technical Services | 269 | 267 | 270 | 282 | 302 | ||
| Management, Administrative and Other Support | 143 | 144 | 152 | 158 | 174 | ||
| Educational Services | 333 | 346 | 356 | 364 | 358 | ||
| Health Care & Social Assistance | 482 | 484 | 496 | 503 | 510 | ||
| Information, Culture & Recreation | 204 | 202 | 209 | 223 | 233 | ||
| Accommodation & Food Services | 272 | 277 | 281 | 288 | 293 | ||
| Public Administration | 316 | 318 | 318 | 314 | 305 | ||
| Other Services | 214 | 216 | 225 | 234 | 235 | ||
| Total Employment | 5,016 | 4,949 | 4,974 | 5,039 | 5,131 | ||
| Table 30 (continued) | Ontario, Employment by Industry, 1991-2000 | ||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goods Producing Industries | 1,366 | 1,412 | 1,469 | 1,550 | 1,602 | ||
| Primary Industries | 151 | 143 | 144 | 152 | 133 | ||
| Agriculture | 105 | 103 | 106 | 114 | 98 | ||
| Manufacturing | 904 | 939 | 989 | 1,049 | 1,099 | ||
| Construction | 261 | 282 | 288 | 300 | 324 | ||
| Utilities | 50 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 46 | ||
| Services Producing Industries | 3,815 | 3,902 | 4,021 | 4,138 | 4,271 | ||
| Trade | 783 | 802 | 813 | 850 | 874 | ||
| Transportation & Warehousing | 244 | 248 | 261 | 260 | 278 | ||
| Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Leasing | 372 | 377 | 376 | 384 | 385 | ||
| Professional, Scientific & Technical Services | 313 | 350 | 372 | 397 | 424 | ||
| Management, Administrative & Other Support | 181 | 194 | 210 | 224 | 246 | ||
| Educational Services | 340 | 340 | 347 | 368 | 369 | ||
| Health Care & Social Assistance | 503 | 495 | 518 | 518 | 544 | ||
| Information, Culture & Recreation | 232 | 248 | 243 | 257 | 282 | ||
| Accommodation & Food Services | 315 | 316 | 335 | 340 | 343 | ||
| Public Administration | 290 | 279 | 284 | 286 | 274 | ||
| Other Services | 242 | 251 | 262 | 254 | 252 | ||
| Total Employment | 5,181 | 5,313 | 5,490 | 5,688 | 5,872 | ||
Notes: Industrial groupings based on North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
Source: Statistics Canada.
| Table 31 | Ontario, Growth in Employment by Industry, 1991-2000 | ||||||
| (Per Cent Change) | |||||||
| 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goods Producing Industries | -8.8 | -4.8 | -3.7 | 0.8 | 2.7 | ||
| Primary Industries | -3.4 | -2.3 | -1.5 | -2.5 | -1.8 | ||
| Agriculture | -0.3 | -1.7 | 3.3 | -2.2 | -4.3 | ||
| Manufacturing | -9.0 | -5.3 | -4.2 | 2.0 | 4.8 | ||
| Construction | -12.8 | -5.6 | -1.9 | 2.5 | -0.7 | ||
| Utilities | 0.9 | 0.3 | -11.5 | -13.9 | 0.6 | ||
| Services Producing Industries | -1.1 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | ||
| Trade | -2.4 | 0.9 | 1.6 | -0.9 | -0.6 | ||
| Transportation & Warehousing | -4.8 | -5.0 | 4.5 | 6.6 | 2.8 | ||
| Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Leasing | -2.6 | -3.8 | 0.0 | -3.4 | 2.8 | ||
| Professional, Scientific & Technical Services | 2.5 | -0.6 | 1.1 | 4.4 | 7.0 | ||
| Management, Administrative & Other Support | 6.1 | 0.8 | 5.7 | 3.8 | 9.9 | ||
| Educational Services | 2.6 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 2.2 | -1.7 | ||
| Health Care & Social Assistance | 1.1 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | ||
| Information, Culture & Recreation | -4.7 | -1.3 | 3.4 | 6.7 | 4.6 | ||
| Accommodation & Food Services | -5.4 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.8 | ||
| Public Administration | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.2 | -1.4 | -2.8 | ||
| Other Services | -2.2 | 0.6 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 0.4 | ||
| Total Employment | -3.4 | -1.3 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.8 | ||
| Table 31 (continued) | Ontario, Growth in Employment by Industry, 1991-2000 | ||||||
| (Per Cent Change) | |||||||
| 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goods Producing Industries | 1.3 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 5.5 | 3.3 | ||
| Primary Industries | -0.9 | -5.5 | 1.1 | 5.6 | -12.7 | ||
| Agriculture | -1.5 | -2.5 | 3.1 | 7.9 | -14.4 | ||
| Manufacturing | 2.9 | 3.9 | 5.4 | 6.0 | 4.8 | ||
| Construction | -2.6 | 8.0 | 1.8 | 4.4 | 7.8 | ||
| Utilities | 1.6 | -3.2 | 1.0 | 1.2 | -6.3 | ||
| Services Producing Industries | 0.9 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.2 | ||
| Trade | 2.2 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 4.5 | 2.8 | ||
| Transportation & Warehousing | 0.6 | 1.8 | 5.3 | -0.5 | 7.0 | ||
| Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Leasing | 2.2 | 1.3 | -0.5 | 2.3 | 0.3 | ||
| Professional, Scientific & Technical Services | 3.8 | 11.7 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.8 | ||
| Management, Administrative & Other Support | 4.0 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 9.5 | ||
| Educational Services | -5.0 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 6.2 | 0.2 | ||
| Health Care & Social Assistance | -1.4 | -1.5 | 4.6 | 0.0 | 5.0 | ||
| Information, Culture & Recreation | -0.5 | 7.0 | -2.1 | 5.7 | 9.9 | ||
| Accommodation & Food Services | 7.4 | 0.6 | 5.8 | 1.6 | 0.7 | ||
| Public Administration | -4.9 | -3.7 | 1.6 | 0.6 | -4.0 | ||
| Other Services | 3.1 | 3.5 | 4.6 | -3.3 | -0.8 | ||
| Total Employment | 1.0 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.2 | ||
Notes: Industrial groupings based on North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).
Source: Statistics Canada.
| Table 32 | Ontario, Employment by Economic Regions, 1989-2000 | ||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 5,193 | 5,191 | 5,016 | 4,949 | 4,974 | 5,039 | |
| Region:* | |||||||
| East | 686 | 693 | 689 | 682 | 683 | 701 | |
| Ottawa (510) | 508 | 518 | 513 | 508 | 503 | 521 | |
| Kingston-Pembroke (515) | 178 | 175 | 176 | 174 | 180 | 180 | |
| Greater Toronto Area (530)1 | 2,255 | 2,244 | 2,130 | 2,104 | 2,118 | 2,115 | |
| Central | 1,185 | 1,200 | 1,163 | 1,149 | 1,139 | 1,173 | |
| Muskoka-Kawarthas (520) | 138 | 138 | 136 | 140 | 136 | 137 | |
| Kitchener-Waterloo-Barrie (540) | 453 | 450 | 449 | 450 | 458 | 470 | |
| Hamilton-Niagara Peninsula (550) | 595 | 612 | 578 | 559 | 546 | 567 | |
| Southwest | 703 | 685 | 682 | 676 | 689 | 705 | |
| London (560) | 278 | 280 | 281 | 275 | 285 | 288 | |
| Windsor-Sarnia (570) | 282 | 268 | 263 | 266 | 267 | 274 | |
| Stratford-Bruce Peninsula (580) | 143 | 138 | 138 | 135 | 137 | 143 | |
| North | 364 | 368 | 352 | 337 | 344 | 345 | |
| Northeast (590) | 254 | 256 | 244 | 233 | 238 | 237 | |
| Northwest (595) | 111 | 112 | 108 | 104 | 106 | 108 | |
| Table 32 (continued) | (Thousands) | ||||||
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 5,131 | 5,181 | 5,313 | 5,490 | 5,688 | 5,872 | |
| Region:* | |||||||
| East | 674 | 674 | 685 | 726 | 750 | 757 | |
| Ottawa (510) | 501 | 508 | 516 | 543 | 555 | 573 | |
| Kingston-Pembroke (515) | 172 | 166 | 170 | 183 | 195 | 184 | |
| Greater Toronto Area (530)1 | 2,215 | 2,242 | 2,348 | 2,426 | 2,511 | 2,616 | |
| Central | 1,194 | 1,209 | 1,230 | 1,276 | 1,322 | 1,371 | |
| Muskoka-Kawarthas (520) | 148 | 148 | 150 | 152 | 161 | 165 | |
| Kitchener-Waterloo-Barrie (540) | 469 | 478 | 496 | 515 | 543 | 552 | |
| Hamilton-Niagara Peninsula (550) | 577 | 583 | 584 | 609 | 618 | 654 | |
| Southwest | 686 | 699 | 704 | 714 | 744 | 763 | |
| London (560) | 285 | 278 | 283 | 286 | 299 | 307 | |
| Windsor-Sarnia (570) | 271 | 279 | 277 | 286 | 296 | 304 | |
| Stratford-Bruce Peninsula (580) | 130 | 142 | 145 | 142 | 149 | 152 | |
| North | 362 | 357 | 345 | 348 | 361 | 366 | |
| Northeast (590) | 248 | 247 | 241 | 244 | 249 | 253 | |
| Northwest (595) | 114 | 110 | 105 | 105 | 112 | 113 | |
* Standard deviations vary significantly across regions, decreasing as the size of the region increases.
Notes:
- Economic region of Toronto (530) closely matches the GTA, except that it excludes the city of Burlington.
Source: Statistics Canada and Ontario Ministry of Finance.
| Table 33 | Ontario, Employment by Industry for Economic Regions, 2000 | ||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||
| All Industries |
Agriculture | Resources1 | Manufacturing | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 5,872 | 98 | 35 | 1,099 | |||
| Region: | |||||||
| East | 757 | 10 | 3 | 90 | |||
| Ottawa (510) | 573 | 7 | 1 | 65 | |||
| Kingston-Pembroke (515) | 184 | 3 | 2 | 25 | |||
| Greater Toronto Area (530) | 2,616 | 9 | 3 | 484 | |||
| Central | 1,371 | 33 | 4 | 311 | |||
| Muskoka-Kawarthas (520) | 165 | 3 | 2 | 29 | |||
| Kitchener-Waterloo-Barrie (540) | 552 | 13 | 1 | 146 | |||
| Hamilton-Niagara Peninsula (550) | 654 | 17 | 1 | 136 | |||
| Southwest | 763 | 42 | 3 | 175 | |||
| London (560) | 307 | 14 | 1 | 61 | |||
| Windsor-Sarnia (570) | 304 | 10 | 2 | 85 | |||
| Stratford-Bruce Peninsula (580) | 152 | 18 | - | 30 | |||
| North | 366 | 3 | 22 | 39 | |||
| Northeast (590) | 253 | 3 | 15 | 24 | |||
| Northwest (595) | 113 | 1 | 7 | 14 | |||
| Table 33 (continued) | (Thousands) | ||||||
| Construction | Distributive 2 | Finance,
Prof. & Mgmt.3 |
Info.,
Culture
& Recreation4 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 324 | 534 | 1,054 | 282 | |||
| Region: | |||||||
| East | 41 | 55 | 124 | 37 | |||
| Ottawa (510) | 28 | 41 | 101 | 31 | |||
| Kingston-Pembroke (515) | 13 | 13 | 23 | 7 | |||
| Greater Toronto Area (530) | 137 | 259 | 614 | 149 | |||
| Central | 86 | 118 | 188 | 54 | |||
| Muskoka-Kawarthas (520) | 14 | 14 | 18 | 7 | |||
| Kitchener-Waterloo-Barrie (540) | 36 | 48 | 76 | 19 | |||
| Hamilton-Niagara Peninsula (550) | 35 | 56 | 95 | 28 | |||
| Southwest | 41 | 67 | 92 | 28 | |||
| London (560) | 16 | 26 | 44 | 8 | |||
| Windsor-Sarnia (570) | 15 | 25 | 34 | 16 | |||
| Stratford-Bruce Peninsula (580) | 10 | 17 | 14 | 3 | |||
| North | 20 | 34 | 36 | 14 | |||
| Northeast (590) | 14 | 23 | 26 | 11 | |||
| Northwest (595) | 5 | 11 | 11 | 4 | |||
| Table 33 (continued) | Ontario, Employment by Industry for Economic Regions, 2000 | ||||||
| (Thousands) | |||||||
| Retail Trade | Personal Services5 | Education | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 665 | 594 | 369 | ||||
| Region: | |||||||
| East | 83 | 83 | 52 | ||||
| Ottawa (510) | 58 | 63 | 36 | ||||
| Kingston-Pembroke (515) | 25 | 20 | 17 | ||||
| Greater Toronto Area (530) | 287 | 236 | 149 | ||||
| Central | 158 | 153 | 89 | ||||
| Muskoka-Kawarthas (520) | 23 | 19 | 10 | ||||
| Kitchener-Waterloo-Barrie (540) | 57 | 55 | 37 | ||||
| Hamilton-Niagara Peninsula (550) | 79 | 80 | 42 | ||||
| Southwest | 86 | 77 | 48 | ||||
| London (560) | 33 | 31 | 25 | ||||
| Windsor-Sarnia (570) | 36 | 31 | 17 | ||||
| Stratford-Bruce Peninsula (580) | 18 | 16 | 7 | ||||
| North | 51 | 45 | 30 | ||||
| Northeast (590) | 36 | 32 | 20 | ||||
| Northwest (595) | 15 | 13 | 10 | ||||
| Table 33 (continued) | (Thousands) | ||||||
| Health & Soc. Assistance | Public Administration | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 544 | 274 | |||||
| Region: | |||||||
| East | 80 | 98 | |||||
| Ottawa (510) | 58 | 84 | |||||
| Kingston-Pembroke (515) | 22 | 14 | |||||
| Greater Toronto Area (530) | 201 | 88 | |||||
| Central | 128 | 47 | |||||
| Muskoka-Kawarthas (520) | 20 | 6 | |||||
| Kitchener-Waterloo-Barrie (540) | 46 | 19 | |||||
| Hamilton-Niagara Peninsula (550) | 63 | 23 | |||||
| Southwest | 84 | 21 | |||||
| London (560) | 40 | 9 | |||||
| Windsor-Sarnia (570) | 27 | 8 | |||||
| Stratford-Bruce Peninsula (580) | 16 | 4 | |||||
| North | 51 | 20 | |||||
| Northeast (590) | 35 | 14 | |||||
| Northwest (595) | 16 | 7 | |||||
- Employment numbers under 1,500 are suppressed because they are statistically unreliable.
See standard deviation and GTA note for Table 32.
Industrial groupings based on North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
Notes:
- Includes Forestry, Fishing, Mining, Oil and Gas.
- Includes Transportation & Warehousing, Utilities and Wholesale Trade.
- Includes Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Leasing; Management of Companies, Administrative & Support Services; and Professional, Scientific & Technical Services.
- Information, Culture & Recreation includes industries such as Publishing, Motion Picture & Sound Recording, Broadcasting & Telecommunications, Information Services & Data Processing Services, Performing Arts, Spectator Sports and Related Industries, Heritage Institutions and Amusement, Gambling & Recreation.
- Includes Accommodation & Food Services and Other Services (such as Repair and Maintenance, Personal and Laundry, Religious, Grant-making, Civic, Professional and Similar Organizations).
Source: Statistics Canada and Ontario Ministry of Finance.
| Ontario Economic Regions1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| East | ||||
| Ottawa (510) | The united counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, Prescott and Russell, Leeds and Grenville, the county of Lanark and the Ottawa-Carleton Regional Municipality | |||
| Kingston-Pembroke (515) | The counties of Lennox and Addington, Hastings, Renfrew, Prince Edward and Frontenac | |||
| Central | ||||
| Muskoka-Kawarthas (520) | The counties of Northumberland, Peterborough, Victoria, Haliburton, and the Muskoka District Municipality | |||
| Kitchener-Waterloo-Barrie (540) | The counties of Dufferin, Wellington, and Simcoe and the Waterloo Regional Municipality | |||
| Hamilton-Niagara Peninsula (550) | The county of Brant, the Regional Municipalities of Hamilton-Wentworth, Niagara, Haldimand-Norfolk and the city of Burlington in the Halton Regional Municipality | |||
| Greater Toronto Area2 | ||||
| Toronto (530) | Toronto Metropolitan Municipality, the Regional Municipalities of Durham, York, Peel and Halton (excluding the city of Burlington) | |||
| Southwest | ||||
| London (560) | The counties of Oxford, Elgin and Middlesex | |||
| Windsor-Sarnia (570) | The counties of Lambton, Essex and Kent | |||
| Stratford-Bruce Peninsula (580) | The counties of Perth, Huron, Bruce and Grey | |||
| North | ||||
| Northeast (590) | The districts of Nipissing, Parry Sound, Manitoulin, Sudbury, Timiskaming, Cochrane, Algoma, and the Sudbury Regional Municipality | |||
| Northwest
(595) |
The districts of Thunder Bay, Rainy River and Kenora | |||
Notes: